Abstract: The liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a transistor including an oxide semiconductor film including a channel formation region; a pixel electrode electrically connected to the transistor; an insulating layer in contact with the pixel electrode; and a first common electrode in contact with the insulating layer. The second substrate faces the first substrate and includes a second common electrode. A negative liquid crystal material is used for the liquid crystal layer. The specific resistivity of the liquid crystal material is greater than or equal to 1.0×1013 ?·cm and less than or equal to 1.0×1016 ?·cm.

Abstract: An object is to provide a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal material exhibiting a blue phase, in order to enable a higher contrast. In a liquid crystal display device which includes a liquid crystal layer exhibiting a blue phase, a first structure body and a second structure body are provided over a first electrode layer (a pixel electrode layer) and a second electrode layer (a common electrode layer), respectively. The first structure body and the second structure body are insulators each having a higher dielectric constant than a liquid crystal material used for the liquid crystal layer, and are provided to project into the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: An object is to improve productivity related to a laser light irradiation step in a bonding technique of substrates using glass frit. A highly airtight sealing structure or a highly airtight light-emitting device, which can be manufactured with high productivity, is provided. When a glass layer by melting glass frit or a sintered body by sintering glass frit is irradiated with laser light, in order to increase the efficiency, a light-absorbing material is attached to a surface of the glass layer. The laser light irradiation is performed on the light-absorbing material and the glass layer. The substrates are fixed with the glass layer therebetween.

Abstract: By providing a pixel electrode layer in a center of a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first common electrode layer and a second common electrode layer, a structure in which the following two optical elements are stacked can be obtained: a first liquid crystal element including the first common electrode layer, the liquid crystal layer, and the pixel electrode layer; and a second liquid crystal element including the pixel electrode layer, the liquid crystal layer, and the second common electrode layer.

Abstract: There have been problems in that a dedicated apparatus is needed for a conventional method of manufacturing an organic thin film transistor and in that: a little amount of an organic semiconductor film is formed with respect to a usage amount of a material; and most of the used material is discarded. Further, apparatus maintenance such as cleaning of the inside of an apparatus cup or chamber has needed to be frequently carried out in order to remove the contamination resulting from the material that is wastefully discarded. Therefore, a great cost for materials and man-hours for maintenance of apparatus have been required. In the present invention, a uniform organic semiconductor film is formed by forming an aperture between a first substrate for forming the organic semiconductor film and a second substrate used for injection with an insulating film formed at a specific spot and by injecting an organic semiconductor film material into the aperture due to capillarity to the aperture.

Abstract: To control the positioning of a spacer more accurately in a liquid crystal display device to prevent display defects due to incorrect positioning in a display region. To provide a liquid crystal display device with higher image quality and reliability, and to provide a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device with high yield. In a liquid crystal display device, a region onto which a spherical spacer is discharged is subjected to liquid-repellent treatment in order to reduce the wettability with respect to a liquid in which the spherical spacer is dispersed. The liquid (the droplet) does not spread over the liquid-repellent region and is dried while moving the spherical spacer toward the center of the liquid. Thus, incorrect positioning shortly after discharging, which has been caused by the loss of control in the liquid, can be corrected by moving the spherical spacer while drying the liquid.

Abstract: An object is to provide a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal material exhibiting a blue phase, in order to enable a higher contrast. In a liquid crystal display device which includes a liquid crystal layer exhibiting a blue phase, a first structure body and a second structure body are provided over a first electrode layer (a pixel electrode layer) and a second electrode layer (a common electrode layer), respectively. The first structure body and the second structure body are insulators each having a higher dielectric constant than a liquid crystal material used for the liquid crystal layer, and are provided to project into the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: In manufacturing a device using an organic TFT, it is essential to develop an element in which a channel length is short or a channel width is narrow to downsize a device. Based on the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide an organic TFT in which characteristic is improved. In view of the foregoing problem, one feature of the present invention is that an element is baked after an organic semiconductor film is deposited. More specifically, one feature of the present invention is that the organic semiconductor film is heated under atmospheric pressure or under reduced pressure. Moreover, a baking process may be carried out in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: To improve the response speed of liquid crystal molecules when a liquid crystal display device is changed from an on state to an off state. A liquid crystal display device that includes a liquid crystal material between a substrate and a counter substrate; a plurality of pixels over the substrate; and a microstructure which is provided over the substrate, is in contact with the liquid crystal material, and includes a movable portion and a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device are provided. The microstructure may include a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a space between the lower electrode and the upper electrode. The microstructure is manufactured through the steps of forming the lower electrode over the substrate, forming a sacrificial layer over the lower electrode, forming the upper electrode over the sacrificial layer, and removing the sacrificial layer by etching to form the space.

Abstract: An object is to provide a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal material exhibiting a blue phase, in order to enable a higher contrast. In a liquid crystal display device which includes a liquid crystal layer exhibiting a blue phase, a first structure body and a second structure body are provided over a first electrode layer (a pixel electrode layer) and a second electrode layer (a common electrode layer), respectively. The first structure body and the second structure body are insulators each having a higher dielectric constant than a liquid crystal material used for the liquid crystal layer, and are provided to project into the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: To control the positioning of a spacer more accurately in a liquid crystal display device to prevent display defects due to incorrect positioning in a display region. To provide a liquid crystal display device with higher image quality and reliability, and to provide a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device with high yield. In a liquid crystal display device, a region onto which a spherical spacer is discharged is subjected to liquid-repellent treatment in order to reduce the wettability with respect to a liquid in which the spherical spacer is dispersed. The liquid (the droplet) does not spread over the liquid-repellent region and is dried while moving the spherical spacer toward the center of the liquid. Thus, incorrect positioning shortly after discharging, which has been caused by the loss of control in the liquid, can be corrected by moving the spherical spacer while drying the liquid.

Abstract: The object can be achieved by the following structure. A material whose value of fracture toughness is greater than or equal to 1.5 [MPa·m1/2] is used for a base substrate and a counter substrate which hold a liquid crystal material therebetween; a first sealant containing liquid crystal contaminants at less than or equal to 1×10?4 wt % is provided so as be in contact with the liquid crystal material and to surround the liquid crystal material seamlessly; the second sealant is provided to surround the first sealant; and the base substrate and the counter substrate which hold the liquid crystal material therebetween using the first sealant and the second sealant are bonded with a bond strength of greater than or equal to 1 [N/mm2].

Abstract: To control the positioning of a spacer more accurately in a liquid crystal display device to prevent display defects due to incorrect positioning in a display region. To provide a liquid crystal display device with higher image quality and reliability, and to provide a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device with high yield. In a liquid crystal display device, a region onto which a spherical spacer is discharged is subjected to liquid-repellent treatment in order to reduce the wettability with respect to a liquid in which the spherical spacer is dispersed. The liquid (the droplet) does not spread over the liquid-repellent region and is dried while moving the spherical spacer toward the center of the liquid. Thus, incorrect positioning shortly after discharging, which has been caused by the loss of control in the liquid, can be corrected by moving the spherical spacer while drying the liquid.

Abstract: By providing a pixel electrode layer in a center of a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first common electrode layer and a second common electrode layer, a structure in which the following two optical elements are stacked can be obtained: a first liquid crystal element including the first common electrode layer, the liquid crystal layer, and the pixel electrode layer; and a second liquid crystal element including the pixel electrode layer, the liquid crystal layer, and the second common electrode layer.

Abstract: There have been problems in that a dedicated apparatus is needed for a conventional method of manufacturing an organic thin film transistor and in that: a little amount of an organic semiconductor film is formed with respect to a usage amount of a material; and most of the used material is discarded. Further, apparatus maintenance such as cleaning of the inside of an apparatus cup or chamber has needed to be frequently carried out in order to remove the contamination resulting from the material that is wastefully discarded. Therefore, a great cost for materials and man-hours for maintenance of apparatus have been required. In the present invention, a uniform organic semiconductor film is formed by forming an aperture between a first substrate for forming the organic semiconductor film and a second substrate used for injection with an insulating film formed at a specific spot and by injecting an organic semiconductor film material into the aperture due to capillarity to the aperture.

Abstract: In manufacturing a device using an organic TFT, it is essential to develop an element in which a channel length is short or a channel width is narrow to downsize a device. Based on the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide an organic TFT in which characteristic is improved. In view of the foregoing problem, one feature of the present invention is that an element is baked after an organic semiconductor film is deposited. More specifically, one feature of the present invention is that the organic semiconductor film is heated under atmospheric pressure or under reduced pressure. Moreover, a baking process may be carried out in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: There have been problems in that a dedicated apparatus is needed for a conventional method of manufacturing an organic thin film transistor and in that: a little amount of an organic semiconductor film is formed with respect to a usage amount of a material; and most of the used material is discarded. Further, apparatus maintenance such as cleaning of the inside of an apparatus cup or chamber has needed to be frequently carried out in order to remove the contamination resulting from the material that is wastefully discarded. Therefore, a great cost for materials and man-hours for maintenance of apparatus have been required. In the present invention, a uniform organic semiconductor film is formed by forming an aperture between a first substrate for forming the organic semiconductor film and a second substrate used for injection with an insulating film formed at a specific spot and by injecting an organic semiconductor film material into the aperture due to capillarity to the aperture.

Abstract: In manufacturing a device using an organic TFT, it is essential to develop an element in which a channel length is short or a channel width is narrow to downsize a device. Based on the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide an organic TFT in which characteristic is improved. In view of the foregoing problem, one feature of the present invention is that an element is baked after an organic semiconductor film is deposited. More specifically, one feature of the present invention is that the organic semiconductor film is heated under atmospheric pressure or under reduced pressure. Moreover, a baking process may be carried out in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: An object is to provide a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal material exhibiting a blue phase, in order to enable a higher contrast. In a liquid crystal display device which includes a liquid crystal layer exhibiting a blue phase, a first structure body and a second structure body are provided over a first electrode layer (a pixel electrode layer) and a second electrode layer (a common electrode layer), respectively. The first structure body and the second structure body are insulators each having a higher dielectric constant than a liquid crystal material used for the liquid crystal layer, and are provided to project into the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display device in which a cell thickness (the thickness of a liquid crystal layer) having a certain value or more is secured, or to increase productivity of the liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a first spacer layer provided for the first substrate, a second spacer layer provided for the second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer including a liquid crystal between the first substrate and the second substrate, in which the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is controlled to be 6 ?m or more and the birefringence ?n of the liquid crystal layer under a white display condition is 0.05 or less.