Abstract: Provided are a vehicle-use energy storage apparatus, a vehicle-use discharge system, a discharge control method, and a vehicle-use energy storage device each capable of ensuring a sufficient amount of electricity as an amount of electricity used during a normal use time while ensuring an amount of electricity which is reserved as spare electricity, and possessing a sufficient charge-discharge cycle. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle-use energy storage apparatus including an energy storage device having a negative electrode including a negative active material which contains: a first active material made of a carbon material; and a second active material having a higher oxidation potential than the carbon material and having a higher capacity per volume than the carbon material.

Abstract: Provided is an estimation device including: an acquisition unit that acquires measurement data on an energy storage device; an estimation unit that estimates the amount of deterioration for each deterioration mechanism of the energy storage device based on the acquired measurement data; and an output unit that outputs information based on an estimation result of the estimation unit.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and a cation exchange resin layer which is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more. A method for producing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a cation exchange resin layer which is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and a cation exchange resin layer which is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more. A method for producing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a cation exchange resin layer which is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more.

Abstract: Provided is an estimation device including: an acquisition unit that acquires measurement data on an energy storage device; an estimation unit that estimates the amount of deterioration for each deterioration mechanism of the energy storage device based on the acquired measurement data; and an output unit that outputs information based on an estimation result of the estimation unit.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, a cation exchange resin layer interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a positive electrode electrolyte, and a negative electrode electrolyte. The positive electrode electrolyte contains lithium polysulfide, and a sulfur equivalent concentration of the positive electrode electrolyte is higher than the sulfur equivalent concentration of the negative electrode electrolyte. Another aspect of the present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, a cation exchange resin layer interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: Provided are a vehicle-use energy storage apparatus, a vehicle-use discharge system, a discharge control method, and a vehicle-use energy storage device each capable of ensuring a sufficient amount of electricity as an amount of electricity used during a normal use time while ensuring an amount of electricity which is reserved as spare electricity, and possessing a sufficient charge-discharge cycle. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle-use energy storage apparatus including an energy storage device having a negative electrode including a negative active material which contains: a first active material made of a carbon material; and a second active material having a higher oxidation potential than the carbon material and having a higher capacity per volume than the carbon material.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and a cation exchange resin layer which is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more. A method for producing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a cation exchange resin layer which is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, a cation exchange resin layer interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a positive electrode electrolyte, and a negative electrode electrolyte. The positive electrode electrolyte contains lithium polysulfide, and a sulfur equivalent concentration of the positive electrode electrolyte is higher than the sulfur equivalent concentration of the negative electrode electrolyte. Another aspect of the present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, a cation exchange resin layer interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes plural gas flow channels, a switching device, and a variable gas flow channel with the function of switching the connection between one gas flow channel and another gas flow channel from series to parallel or from parallel to series.

Abstract: The feature of the process for ultra-low alloy catalyst loading electrode according to this invention is to reduce its alloy formation period of aging process subsequent to hydrogen reduction process of catalyst ions after ion exchange process of proton for their ions in the cluster of the polymer electrolyte on the surface of the carbon powder. The process is able to drastically shorten the aging time with temperature rise beyond 200° C. up to 400° C. under hydrogen atmosphere for the formation of alloy catalyst, for example Pt—Ru binary by the additional processes of pre-treatment of substituting K+, Na+, Li+, Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Fe2+, Sr2+, Ra2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Zn2+, Ni2+, or Co2+ for proton before the hydrogen reduction process. The further post-treatment of substituting K+, Na+, Li+, Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Fe2+, Sr2+, Ra2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Zn2+, Ni2+, or Co2+ for proton before the ion exchange process is more preferable. This new process is little harmful to the CO tolerance performance of PEFC.

Abstract: In an electrode for a fuel cell, a catalyst layer contains a solid polymer electrolyte, catalyst particles and porous polymer. The porous polymer is provided for the inside portions of pores of said catalyst layer and/or the surface of said catalyst layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode for fuel cell comprising a gas diffusion layer comprising porous polymer containing an electro-conductive filler and a catalyst layer containing a particulate catalyst. In this structure, a gas diffusion layer is formed by a porous polymer containing an electro-conductive filler. In this arrangement, the gas diffusion layer can be easily kept in face contact with the interface with the catalyst layer to increase the contact area of the gas diffusion layer with the catalyst layer. Thus, the number of catalyst particles taking part in the transfer of electron, making it possible to raise the output of the fuel cell.

Abstract: An electrode for a fuel cell of the invention comprises a cation-exchange resin, carbon particles and a catalyst metal which is amorphous. The electrode has high activity, a high catalyst utilization and high CO tolerance and is highly active in the electrochemical oxidation reaction of methanol. Furthermore these qualities of the electrode were extremely improved when the catalyst metal was loaded mainly on sites where the surface of the carbon particles contacts proton-conductive passages in the cation-exchange resin. Consequently, a fuel cell with the electrode of the invention has a high output current and a long life, and can be produced at low cost.

Abstract: The feature of the process for ultra-low alloy catalyst loading electrode according this invention is to reduce its alloy formation period of aging process subsequent to hydrogen reduction process of catalyst ions after ion exchange process of their ions and proton in the cluster of the polymer electrolyte on the surface of the carbon powder. The process is able to drastically shorten the aging time with temperature rise beyond 200° C. up to 400° C. under hydrogen atmosphere for the formation of Pt—Ru binary alloy for example catalyst by the additional processes of pre-treatment of K+, Na+, Li+, Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Fe2+, Sr2+, Ra2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ ions substitution for proton before the hydrogen reduction process. More preference, the further post-treatment of K+, Na+, Li+, Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Fe2+, Sr2+, Ra2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ ions substitution for proton before the ion exchange process.

Abstract: A fuel cell composed with a plural gas flow channels, a switching device, and a variable gas flow channel with the function of to switch connection between one gas flow channel and another one from series to parallel or from parallel to series.

Abstract: The high rate discharge performance and cyclability are improved. A battery having a hich capacity density and excellent cyclability and safety performance can be produced. A composite active material provided with a polymer on the surface of a carbon-based active material in an amount of from 0.01% to 5% by weight is used. Further, a composite active material provided with a polymer on the surface of a carbon-based active material in an amount of from 0.04 to 4% by weight is used. In particular, the former composite active material is used as a positive active material while the latter composite active material is used as a negative active material to obtain a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.

Abstract: Catalyst material containing two or more kinds of metal elements or/and silicon are mainly carried in proton conductive passages of a solid polymer electrolyte and the surface of each of carbon particles which abut on each the proton conductive passages.

Abstract: Catalyst material containing two or more kinds of metal elements or/and silicon are mainly carried in proton conductive passages of a solid polymer electrolyte and the surface of each of carbon particles which abut on each the proton conductive passages.

Abstract: An electrode for fuel cell is made of a solid polymer electrolyte-catalyst composite electrode containing a cation-exchange resin, carbon particles and a catalyst metal. The catalyst metal is loaded mainly on the surface of the carbon particles in contact with the proton-conductive passage in the cation-exchange resin. Preferably, the catalyst metal has a nucleus containing a metal (X) and an outer layer containing a metal (Y) which is not contained in the nucleus.