Abstract: A service providing system includes a control server and a physical resource(s) controlled by the control server. The control server has a virtual device providing unit(s) that provides at least one virtual object for controlling a physical resource(s), and a virtual infrastructure providing unit(s) that can provide, as a virtual object(s), a virtual infrastructure(s) configured using at least one virtual object provided by the virtual device providing unit(s), wherein the virtual infrastructure providing unit(s) can configure a virtual infrastructure(s) using the virtual object(s) provided by the virtual infrastructure providing unit(s), and can provide the virtual infrastructure(s) as a virtual object(s).

Abstract: A service providing system includes a control server and a physical resource(s) controlled by the control server. The control server has a virtual device providing unit(s) that provides at least one virtual object for controlling a physical resource(s), and a virtual infrastructure providing unit(s) that can provide, as a virtual object(s), a virtual infrastructure(s) configured using at least one virtual object provided by the virtual device providing unit(s), wherein the virtual infrastructure providing unit(s) can configure a virtual infrastructure(s) using the virtual object(s) provided by the virtual infrastructure providing unit(s), and can provide the virtual infrastructure(s) as a virtual object(s).

Abstract: A service providing system includes a control server and a physical resource(s) controlled by the control server. The control server has a virtual device providing unit(s) that provides at least one virtual object for controlling a physical resource(s), and a virtual infrastructure providing unit(s) that can provide, as a virtual object(s), a virtual infrastructure(s) configured using at least one virtual object provided by the virtual device providing unit(s), wherein the virtual infrastructure providing unit(s) can configure a virtual infrastructure(s) using the virtual object(s) provided by the virtual infrastructure providing unit(s), and can provide the virtual infrastructure(s) as a virtual object(s).

Abstract: A communication system reduces load on a control device managing centralized control of a plurality of nodes. The communication system includes nodes and a control device. On receipt of a packet, each node references a table including a plurality of processing rules concerning packet processing to process the received packet in accordance with at least one processing rule corresponding to the received packet. If the corresponding processing rule is not known, each node transmits a processing rule setting request. On receipt of the processing rule setting request, the control device sets a packet processing rule in at least one of the nodes. A request staying unit that transiently stays the setting request to the control device is provided in such one or more nodes.

Abstract: A control device which controls configuration of a control system including a plurality of control nodes, wherein at least one control node controls a plurality of switch devices by sending packet handling rules, includes: a monitor which monitors workloads of control nodes in use, each control node in use controlling at least one switch device; and a controller which changes count of control nodes in use based on workload information monitored.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling packet transfer between terminals belonging to a first virtual network identified by a first identifier includes a network configuration information management unit for holding configuration information on a second virtual network identified by a second identifier so that the terminals belong to the second virtual network; and a path control unit for controlling communication between the terminals based on the configuration information on the second virtual network.

Abstract: A communication system reduces load on a control device managing centralized control of a plurality of nodes. The communication system includes nodes and a control device. On receipt of a packet, each node references a table including a plurality of processing rules concerning packet processing to process the received packet in accordance with at least one processing rule corresponding to the received packet. If the corresponding processing rule is not known, each node transmits a processing rule setting request. On receipt of the processing rule setting request, the control device sets a packet processing rule in at least one of the nodes. A request staying unit that transiently stays the setting request to the control device is provided in such one or more nodes.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling packet transfer between terminals belonging to a first virtual network identified by a first identifier includes a network configuration information management unit for holding configuration information on a second virtual network identified by a second identifier so that the terminals belong to the second virtual network; and a path control unit for controlling communication between the terminals based on the configuration information on the second virtual network.

Abstract: A control device which controls configuration of a control system including a plurality of control nodes, wherein at least one control node controls a plurality of switch devices by sending packet handling rules, includes: a monitor which monitors workloads of control nodes in use, each control node in use controlling at least one switch device; and a controller which changes count of control nodes in use based on workload information monitored.

Abstract: A video output device that is capable of luminance adjustment while preventing signal degradation includes a display unit which respectively displays a left eye image that is transmitted to the left eye and a right eye image that is transmitted to the right eye and which also outputs, by insertion between the left-eye image and the right-eye image, a black image that lowers luminance and does not contribute to the display, and a control unit that controls and adjusts the luminance by adjusting an insertion time of the black image inserted between the left-eye image and the right-eye image displayed on the display unit.

Abstract: A service providing system includes a control server and a physical resource(s) controlled by the control server. The control server has a virtual device providing unit(s) that provides at least one virtual object for controlling a physical resource(s), and a virtual infrastructure providing unit(s) that can provide, as a virtual object(s), a virtual infrastructure(s) configured using at least one virtual object provided by the virtual device providing unit(s), wherein the virtual infrastructure providing unit(s) can configure a virtual infrastructure(s) using the virtual object(s) provided by the virtual infrastructure providing unit(s), and can provide the virtual infrastructure(s) as a virtual object(s).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member hard to cause the problem of chatter and wear-out of the cleaning blade and the problem of a rubbing memory, and both a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the photosensitive member are provided. The peripheral surface of the photosensitive member has a plurality of dimple-shaped concaves, a 10-point average roughness Rzjis (A) as measured by sweeping along the circumference of the peripheral surface of the photosensitive member is 0.3 to 2.5 ?m, a 10-point average roughness Rzjis (B) as measured by sweeping along the generating line of the peripheral surface of the photosensitive member is 0.3 to 2.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support and a photosensitive layer on the support, the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface with a universal hardness (HU) in the range of between 150 and 220 N/mm2 and an elastic deformation ratio in the range of between 50 and 65%. The present invention also provides a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to improve a phenomenon of the life-shortening of the endurance life due to scratch occurring when recesses of a fixed dimple shape are formed on the surface of the surface layer, in order to inhibit the chattering and folding back of a cleaning blade and the fracture of an edge, which occurs because friction between the surface layer of the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member and an abutting member is high; and particularly to improve the above described problems, from initial printing through printing on many sheets, which become particularly remarkable when using an electrophotographic photosensitive member with the use of a curable resin that is improved so as to have a high elastic deformation rate for the surface layer, in order to improve the strength of the surface layer, for the purpose of increasing the durability of an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed having a cylindrical support and an organic photosensitive layer provided on the cylindrical support. The peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is composed of grooves formed substantially in its peripheral direction and flat portions, and in the grooves, the number of grooves each having a width in the range of from 0.5 ?m to 40 ?m is from 20 to 1,000 lines per 1,000 ?m in width in the generatrix direction of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: The invention provides a route updating method which reduces the flow rate of updating notifications, which are circulated in a network, to improve the scalability. A micromobility network includes routers connected in a tree connection and radio base stations connected to the routers in the lowest layer such that an updating notification of a route from a mobile terminal is repeated in order from a radio base station to successive higher order routers to update the route and a packet is distributed along the updated route. In the mobility network, directly lower order routers to each router are numbered to the numbers 1 to n with reference to the direct lower order router accommodation number n, and a route from the radio base station to the router in the highest layer represented by a route number composed of the numbers of the thus numbered routers is applied to the radio base station.

Abstract: This invention provides a key distribution system for protecting route-update notifications which overcomes the problem of scalability in the processing of authentication information and achieves a shortening of the time required to verify legitimacy. Its context is a key distribution system for protecting route-update notifications, which distributes, to the routers in a mobile communication network, the authentication information established for mobile terminals, which is used by the routers to authenticate mobile terminal route-update notifications that are communicated from the mobile terminals after encryption. In this context, the invention comprises a top-level router for managing the authentication information of all mobile terminals and for distributing it in response to requests from the routers.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided: an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a support in which a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises an acrylic polymer having a polyfluoroolefin unit and an alkylene oxide unit, and having a number-average molecular weight in a range of 2,000 to 20,000; a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus both comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to improve a phenomenon of the life-shortening of the endurance life due to scratch occurring when recesses of a fixed dimple shape are formed on the surface of the surface layer, in order to inhibit the chattering and folding back of a cleaning blade and the fracture of an edge, which occurs because friction between the surface layer of the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member and an abutting member is high; and particularly to improve the above described problems, from initial printing through printing on many sheets, which become particularly remarkable when using an electrophotographic photosensitive member with the use of a curable resin that is improved so as to have a high elastic deformation rate for the surface layer, in order to improve the strength of the surface layer, for the purpose of increasing the durability of an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed having a cylindrical support and an organic photosensitive layer provided on the cylindrical support. The peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is composed of grooves formed substantially in its peripheral direction and flat portions, and in the grooves, the number of grooves each having a width in the range of from 0.5 ?m to 40 ?m is from 20 to 1,000 lines per 1,000 ?m in width in the generatrix direction of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.