Abstract: A steel wire which has an excellent fatigue limit when made into a spring is provided. A chemical composition of the steel wire according to the present embodiment consists of, in mass %, C: 0.53 to 0.59%, Si: 2.51 to 2.90%, Mn: 0.70 to 0.85%, P: 0.020% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Cr 1.40 to 1.70%, Mo: 0.17 to 0.53%, V: 0.23 to 0.33%, Cu: 0.050% or less, Ni: 0.050% or less, Al: 0.0050% or less, Ti: 0.050% or less, N: 0.0070% or less, Ca: 0 to 0.0050%, and Nb: 0 to 0.020%, with the balance being Fe and impurities. In the steel wire, a number density of V-based precipitates having a maximum diameter ranging from 2 to 10 nm is 500 to 8000 pieces/?m2.

Abstract: A valve spring includes a nitrided layer, and a core portion that is further inward than the nitrided layer. A chemical composition of the core portion consists of, in mass %, C: 0.53 to 0.59%, Si: 2.51 to 2.90%, Mn: 0.70 to 0.85%, P: 0.020% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Cr: 1.40 to 1.70%, Mo: 0.17 to 0.53%, V: 0.23 to 0.33%, Ca: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Cu: 0.050% or less, Ni: 0.050% or less, Al: 0.0050% or less, Ti: 0.050% or less, and N: 0.0070% or less, with the balance being Fe and impurities. In the core portion, a number density of V-based precipitates having a maximum diameter ranging from 2 to 10 nm is 500 to 8000 per ?m2, and in the core portion, a numerical proportion of Ca sulfides with respect to a total number of oxide-based inclusions and sulfide-based inclusions is 0.20% or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus comprising a jitter buffer that writes and reads packets transmitted via a packet network from a transmission node, a clock correction unit that obtains an inter-packet jitter, based on difference information between time stamp information at the time of reception of the packet on a receiving side and time stamp information attached to the packet at the time of transmission of the packet by a transmission node with regards to packets received before and after and obtains a transmission frequency and a PLL unit that receives frequency information from the clock correction unit and generates a clock of the frequency. A scheduler uses a frequency from the PLL unit as a transmission frequency to transmit a packet from the jitter buffer unit.

Abstract: A switch device used in a ring network operating based upon a protocol prescribed to prevent a loop from occurring includes: a transmission section that periodically transmits a predetermined control frame defined in the protocol out to a communication line in the ring network; a reception section that receives a control frame from the ring network; and a determination section that determines the occurrence of a loop when source address information in the received control frame is identical to address information on the transmission section and also when the received control frame is a predetermined control frame defined in the protocol.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus comprising a jitter buffer that writes and reads packets transmitted via a packet network from a transmission node, a clock correction unit that obtains an inter-packet jitter, based on difference information between time stamp information at the time of reception of the packet on a receiving side and time stamp information attached to the packet at the time of transmission of the packet by a transmission node with regards to packets received before and after and obtains a transmission frequency and a PLL unit that receives frequency information from the clock correction unit and generates a clock of the frequency. A scheduler uses a frequency from the PLL unit as a transmission frequency to transmit a packet from the jitter buffer unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel peripheral vasodilating agents characterized by each containing as an active ingredient, a piperidine derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof having excellent peripheral vasodilating activity.Said piperidine derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is represented by the general formula (1): ##STR1## (wherein R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same as defined above.

Abstract: Peripheral vasodilating agents containing as an active ingredient, a piperidine derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof having excellent peripheral vasodilating activity, said piperidine derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof being represented by the general formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel peripheral vasodilating agents characterized by each containing as an active ingredient, a piperidine derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof having excellent peripheral vasodilating activity.Said piperidine derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is represented by the general formula (1): ##STR1## (wherein R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same as defined above.

Abstract: An antiarrhythmic agent which comprises as an active ingredient a carbostyril derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and R.sub.2 is a phenyl-lower alkyl group which has optionally 1 to 3 substituents of a lower alkoxy group on the phenyl ring, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Peripheral vasodilating agents containing, as the active ingredient, carbostyril derivatives represented by the general formula: ##STR1## or a salt thereof; and novel carbostyril derivatives included within the scope of the above-mentioned general formula.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical preparation comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of carbostyril derivatives having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group optionally having hydroxy group as a substituent; R.sup.2 is a phenyl(lower alkyl) group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxy group and a halogen atom on the phenyl ring, pyridyl(lower alkyl) group, or a group of the formula --A--NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 (wherein A is a lower alkylene group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and represent a lower alkyl group or phenyl group), and a salt thereof, which is useful as an agent for treating thrombosis, more particularly, as an agent for inhibiting platelet aggregation, an agent for platelet aggregate dissociation, an ameliorant of cerebral circulation and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical preparation comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of carbostyril derivatives having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group optionally having hydroxy group as a substituent; R.sup.2 is a phenyl(lower alkyl) group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxy group and a halogen atom on the phenyl ring, pyridyl(lower alkyl) group, or a group of the formula --A--NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 (wherein A is a lower alkylene group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and represent a lower alkyl group or phenyl group), and a salt thereof, which is useful as an agent for treating thrombosis, more particularly, as an agent for inhibiting platelet aggregation and as an agent for platelet aggregate dissociation.

Abstract: Method for prophylaxis and treatment of heart diseases using a carbostyril derivative-of formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or CN, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each H, alkyl optionally substituted by OH, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl having optionally substituents of alkoxyalkoxy, halogen, alkoxy, NO.sub.2, alkyl, CN, alkylthio or alkylsulfinyl on phenyl ring and having optionally OH-substituent on alkyl moiety, phenylsulfonylalkyl having optionally alkoxy substituent on phenyl ring, phenylthioalkyl, phenylsulfinylalkyl having optionally substituents of halogen or alkoxy on phenyl ring, phenoxyalkyl having optionally substituents of halogen or alkoxy on phenyl ring, pyridylalkyl having optionally substituents of halogen or alkoxy on pyridine ring, thienylalkyl, benzoylalkyl, anilinothiocarbonyl, benzoyl, pyridyl, phenylalkenyl, or group of --A--NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 (R.sup.4 and R.sup.

Abstract: Novel carbostyril derivatives and salts thereof having useful pharmacological activities such as myocardial contraction increasing activity (positive inotropic activity), coronary blood flow increasing activity, hypotensive activity, activity for inhibiting vasoconstriction induced by norepinephrine, and anti-inflammatory effect in one hand, while they do not possess activity for increasing heart beat at all substantially as well as show quite low toxicity and low side-effects in central nervous system activities.

Abstract: Novel carbostyril derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is 0 or S; Y is H or alkyl; R.sup.A is a group of the ##STR2## {wherein n is 1 or 2, A is alkylene, R.sup.1 is benzoyl having optionally 1-3 substituents, R.sup.2A is ##STR3## is (i) alkoxy, (ii) substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heterocylic group, (iii) alkenylthio, (iv) pyrrolidinyl-alkyl--S--, (v) pyrrolidinyl-alkyl--SO--, (vi) pyrrolidinyl-alkyl--SO.sub.2 --, (vii) --O--B--NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 [B is alkylene having optionally OH, R.sup.4 is H, R.sup.5 is tricyclo[3.3.1.1]decanyl, tricyclo[3.3.1.1]decanylalkyl, etc., or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may together form a group of ##STR4## (R.sup.6 is substituted or unsubstituted amino)] or (viii) substituted alkoxy; m is 1 to 3]}, which have excellent vasopressin antagonistic activities and are useful as vasodilator, hypotensive agent, water diuretics, platelet agglutination inhibitor, and a vasopressin antagonistic composition containing the compound as the active ingredient.

Abstract: Method for the treatment of congestive heart failure or paroxymal frequent heart pulse using a carbostyril derivative of formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or CN, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each H, alkyl optionally substituted by OH, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl having optionally substituents of alkoxyalkoxy, halogen, alkoxy, NO.sub.2, alkyl, CN, alkylthio or alkylsulfinyl on phenyl ring and having optionally OH-substituent on alkyl moiety, phenylsulfonylalkyl having optionally alkoxy substituent on phenyl ring, phenylthioalkyl, phenylsulfinylalkyl having optionally substituents of halogen or alkoxy on phenyl ring, phenoxyalkyl having optionally substituents of halogen or alkoxy on phenyl ring, pyridylalkyl having optionally substituents of halogen or alkoxy on pyridine ring, thienylalkyl, benzoylalkyl, anilinothiocarbonyl, benzoyl, pyridyl, phenylalkenyl, or group of -A-NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 (R.sup.4 and R.sup.

Abstract: Method for prophylaxis and treatment of heart diseases using a carbostyril derivative of formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or CN, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each H, alkyl optionally substituted by OH, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl having optionally substituents of alkoxyalkoxy, halogen, alkoxy, NO.sub.2, alkyl, CN, alkylthio or alkylsulfinyl on phenyl ring and having optionally OH-substituent on alkyl moiety, phenylsulfonylalkyl having optionally alkoxy substituent on phenyl ring, phenylthioalkyl, phenylsulfinylalkyl having optionally substituents of halogen or alkoxy on phenyl ring, phenoxyalkyl having optionally substituents of halogen or alkoxy on phenyl ring, pyridylalkyl having optionally substituents of halogen or alkoxy on pyridine ring, thienylalkyl, benzoylalkyl, anilinothiocarbonyl, benzoyl, pyridyl, phenylalkenyl, or group of --A-NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 (R.sup.4 and R.sup.

Abstract: Dihydropyridine derivatives and salts thereof represented by the general formula, ##STR1## which possess excellent calcium antagonist effect, hypotensive effect, platelets aggregation inhibitory effect, phosphodiesterase inhibitory effect, calmodulin inhibitory effect and peroxidized lipid lowering effect, and thus dihydropyridine derivatives and salts thereof are useful as a coronary blood flow improving agent such as coronary vasodilator, hypotensive agent, prophylaxis and treating agents for thrombosis, phosphodiesterase inhibitory agent, peroxidized lipid metabolism lowering agent, anti-inflammatory agent and others.

Abstract: Novel carbostyril derivatives and salts thereof having useful pharmacological activities such as myocardial contraction increasing activity (positive inotropic activity), coronary blood flow increasing activity, hypotensive activity, activity for inhibiting vasoconstriction induced by norepinephrine, and anti-inflammatory effect in one hand, while they do not possess activity for increasing heart beat at all substantially as well as show quite low toxicity and low side-effects in central nervous system activities.

Abstract: Method for prophylaxis and treatment of heart diseases using a carbostyril derivative of formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or CN, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each H, alkyl optionally substituted by OH, cyclocalkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl having optionally substituents of alkoxyalkoxy, halogen, alkoxy, NO.sub.2, alkyl, CN, alkylthio or alkylsulfinyl on phenyl ring and having optionally OH-substituent on alkyl moiety, phenylsulfonyl having optionally alkoxy substituent on phenyl ring, phenylthioalkyl, phenylsulfinylalkyl having optionally substituents of halogen or alkoxy on phenyl ring, phenoxyalkyl having optionally substituents of halogen or alkoxy on phenyl ring, pyridylalkyl having optionally substituents of halogen or alkoxy on pyridine ring, thienylalkyl, benzoyalkyl, anilinothiocarbonyl, benzoyl, pyridyl, phenylalkenyl, or group of --A--NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 (R.sup.4 and R.sup.