Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the technical field of mine mining simulation, and discloses a simulation test system for multi-scale overlying strata spatial structure evolution and disaster response and a working method thereof. The system includes a loading test host, a hydraulic station, a power distribution cabinet, and an industrial control computer. The loading test host includes a base, a main framework, a first top loading unit, a second top loading unit, a bottom excavation unit, a buffering energy release device, a telescopic rod group, and rock plate stamping device. The present disclosure has multiple working modes to achieve two-dimensional/three-dimensional simulation of the movement and response characteristics of overlying strata under conditions of large burial depth, strong mining vibration, and continuous mining of multiple working faces, and to simulate the entire process of coal mine vibration and seismogenic-triggering process of coal mine earthquakes.