Abstract: A fastening member in an embodiment consists of a bolt and a nut. A hard layer made of a metal nitride is formed on a surface of a threaded portion of the bolt or a surface of a threaded portion of the nut.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a light emitting element configured to emit first light, a wavelength conversion element configured to convert part of first light into second light having a wavelength different from that of the first light, and to emit the second light and unconverted light that is the first light which is not converted into the second light, and an optical element configured to cause the first light from the light emitting element to enter the wavelength conversion element, and the second light and the unconverted light from the wavelength conversion element to travel in a direction different from a direction of the light emitting element. The wavelength conversion element emits the second light and the unconverted light as linear polarization light.

Abstract: Alight source apparatus includes a light emitting element configured to emit first light, a wavelength conversion element configured to convert part of first light into second light having a wavelength different from that of the first light, and to emit the second light and unconverted light that is the first light which is not converted into the second light, and an optical element configured to cause the first light from the light emitting element to enter the wavelength conversion element, and the second light and the unconverted light from the wavelength conversion element to travel in a direction different from a direction of the light emitting element. The wavelength conversion element emits the second light and the unconverted light as linear polarization light.

Abstract: A projection-type display apparatus includes a light source unit, reflection-type light modulation elements, a color combining unit, a color separation unit, and a filter. The light source unit is capable of emitting first color light, second color light, third color light, and near infrared light. A first polarization separation unit receives the first color light, and a second polarization separation unit receives the second color light and the third color light. The color separation unit guides near infrared light to the first polarization separation unit, and the color combining unit guides the near infrared light from the first polarization separation unit to color combining unit. The projection-type display apparatus can be switched between a first mode in which a first region of the filter unit is inserted into the light path and a second mode in which a second region of the filter unit is inserted to the light path.

Abstract: An introduction unit that introduces a pump light pulse having a first wavelength, a shaping unit that shapes a waveform of the pump light pulse, a nonlinear optical waveguide that generates a wavelength converted light pulse from a pump light pulse, the pump light pulse being a pulse that has been shaped in the shaping unit, through an optical parametric process, the wavelength converted light pulse including a second wavelength different from the first wavelength. The shaping unit shapes the waveform of the pump light pulse such that an absolute value of a time rate of change of the waveform at a peak area of the pump light pulse that has been shaped is smaller than an absolute value of a time rate of change of the waveform at a peak area of the pump light pulse before being shaped with the shaping unit.

Abstract: A projection-type display apparatus includes a light source unit, reflection-type light modulation elements, a color combining unit, a color separation unit, and a filter. The light source unit is capable of emitting first color light, second color light, third color light, and near infrared light. A first polarization separation unit receives the first color light, and a second polarization separation unit receives the second color light and the third color light. The color separation unit guides near infrared light to the first polarization separation unit, and the color combining unit guides the near infrared light from the first polarization separation unit to color combining unit. The projection-type display apparatus can be switched between a first mode in which a first region of the filter unit is inserted into the light path and a second mode in which a second region of the filter unit is inserted to the light path.

Abstract: An introduction unit that introduces a pump light pulse having a first wavelength, a shaping unit that shapes a waveform of the pump light pulse, a nonlinear optical waveguide that generates a wavelength converted light pulse from a pump light pulse, the pump light pulse being a pulse that has been shaped in the shaping unit, through an optical parametric process, the wavelength converted light pulse including a second wavelength different from the first wavelength. The shaping unit shapes the waveform of the pump light pulse such that an absolute value of a time rate of change of the waveform at a peak area of the pump light pulse that has been shaped is smaller than an absolute value of a time rate of change of the waveform at a peak area of the pump light pulse before being shaped with the shaping unit.