Abstract: A control apparatus, which controls a drive motor that drives a rotor installed in an electrical aircraft, instructs the drive motor to selectively operate in at least two motor-control modes. The at least two motor-control modes include a flying motor-control mode for causing the electrical aircraft to fly, and a cleaning motor-control mode for cleaning the rotor. The control apparatus controls, in the cleaning motor-control mode, the drive motor such that a rotational frequency of the drive motor is lower than a predetermined human-audible frequency range.

Abstract: A vehicle controller includes: an engine controller configured to perform an IS control upon satisfaction of a predetermined stop condition and an engine restart control upon satisfaction of a predetermined restart condition; an HDC controller configured to perform, when the vehicle is traveling on a downhill road and a deceleration request according to an HDC control occurs, a target vehicle speed-based deceleration irrespective of brake operations by the driver; and an information acquisition part configured to acquire progress status information related to the engine restart control and including information on initiation and completion thereof.

Abstract: A spark plug includes a main ground electrode having a main connecting portion connected to the housing and forming a discharge gap between the main ground electrode and the center electrode, and a sub ground electrode having a sub connecting portion connected to the housing. The direction on which the main connecting portion and a plug center axis are arranged is set to be perpendicular to an air flow direction of an air stream in the combustion chamber. The sub connecting portion is located in a downstream side than the main connecting portion. The tip end position of the sub ground electrode in the plug axial direction is located in farther tip end side than that of the main ground electrode is. The sub ground electrode is configured such that an end point of the discharge spark is movable on the sub ground electrode.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided. The ignition apparatus includes an ECU. The ECU calculates a target value E* of an energy input amount of energy inputted into a spark plug based on an in-cylinder flow velocity v, a cylinder pressure P, and an air-fuel ratio AFR. The ECU also calculates a command value I* of a secondary current based on the in-cylinder flow velocity and control an operation of a second circuit according to the target value E* and the command value I*. The calculation of the target value E* using the in-cylinder flow velocity v, the cylinder pressure P, and the air fuel ratio AFR enables the energy input amount to be controlled according to the operating state of the internal combustion engine. The calculation of the command value I* based on the in-cylinder flow velocity v enables the secondary current to be controlled so as to eliminate a risk of the blowout of sparks.

Abstract: A spark plug includes a main ground electrode having a main connecting portion connected to the housing and forming a discharge gap between the main ground electrode and the center electrode, and a sub ground electrode having a sub connecting portion connected to the housing. The direction on which the main connecting portion and a plug center axis are arranged is set to be perpendicular to an air flow direction of an air stream in the combustion chamber. The sub connecting portion is located in a downstream side than the main connecting portion. The tip end position of the sub ground electrode in the plug axial direction is located in farther tip end side than that of the main ground electrode is. The sub ground electrode is configured such that an end point of the discharge spark is movable on the sub ground electrode.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided. The ignition apparatus includes an ECU. The ECU calculates a target value E* of an energy input amount of energy inputted into a spark plug based on an in-cylinder flow velocity v, a cylinder pressure P, and an air-fuel ratio AFR. The ECU also calculates a command value I* of a secondary current based on the in-cylinder flow velocity and control an operation of a second circuit according to the target value E* and the command value I*. The calculation of the target value E* using the in-cylinder flow velocity v, the cylinder pressure P, and the air fuel ratio AFR enables the energy input amount to be controlled according to the operating state of the internal combustion engine. The calculation of the command value I* based on the in-cylinder flow velocity v enables the secondary current to be controlled so as to eliminate a risk of the blowout of sparks.