Abstract: Provided is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery functional layer that makes it possible to achieve an enhanced high-rate discharge capacity after pressure application. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery functional layer in accordance with an embodiment is configured such that: the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery functional layer has an internal void volume of not less than 2.5 mL/m2; and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery functional layer has a surface having an uneven space volume of not less than 0.5 mL/m2.

Abstract: Techniques for managing access to a physical area are provided. In one technique, first data is extracted from a digital file. Based on identification data within the first data, a database is searched. A data item in the database is identified that matches the identification data. The first data is associated with the data item. After associating the first data with the data item, code data is generated. Encoded data that encodes the code data is then generated. The encoded data is sent over a computer network to a mobile device, or an account, of a user that is associated with the data item.

Abstract: An object is to provide a novel flow reactor capable of measuring the internal temperature. The flow reactor including a tubular reaction line, wherein the flow reactor further includes an internal temperature measurement unit provided at one or more location of the tubular reaction line, the internal temperature measurement unit includes a thermometer with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is inserted into the tubular reaction line.

Abstract: An object is to provide a novel flow reactor capable of measuring the internal temperature. The flow reactor including a tubular reaction line, wherein the flow reactor further includes an internal temperature measurement unit provided at one or more location of the tubular reaction line, the internal temperature measurement unit includes a thermometer with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is inserted into the tubular reaction line.

Abstract: We describe a method of detecting a voltage from a spin-current, the spin-current comprising a current having a spin predominantly aligned in a spin direction, the method comprising: flowing the spin current through a layer of organic material in a vertical direction through the layer; and detecting an electric field in a lateral direction in the layer of organic material. In a preferred embodiment the organic layer is anisotropic and has a higher electrical conductivity in the lateral direction than in the vertical direction.

Abstract: We describe a method of detecting a voltage from a spin-current, the spin-current comprising a current having a spin predominantly aligned in a spin direction, the method comprising: flowing the spin current through a layer of organic material in a vertical direction through the layer; and detecting an electric field in a lateral direction in the layer of organic material. In a preferred embodiment the organic layer is anisotropic and has a higher electrical conductivity in the lateral direction than in the vertical direction.