Abstract: A heterogeneous immunoassay for digoxin. An excess of labeled anti-digoxin antibody is added to a test sample and the resulting reaction mixture is contacted with a solid phase having ouabain immobilized thereon. All the free, labeled antibody binds to the oubain. The eluted digoxin anti-digoxin antibody complex is measured for label activity. A competitive mode is also disclosed.

Abstract: Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is detected by enzyme immunoassay by bonding biotinylated antibody to an avidin coupled paper disc, reacting the antibody on the disc with the solution suspected of containing HCG, and determining the amount of HCG on the disc by enzymatic assay detection techniques.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for enzyme detection that is particularly well suited for high performance liquid chromatography. The apparatus is basically a flow-through enzyme detector that is capable of maintaining zero-order reaction kinetics with respect to substrate during enzyme detection and this results in a linear accumulation of product that can be readily measured to provide a dependable readout of detected enzymes. A sample in liquid form that may include one or more enzymes is coupled through a separation column to separate the enzymes, after which a reaction causing substrate is added and the resulting mixture is caused to flow through a reaction chamber, reaction products then being detected with the readout therefrom indicating the detected enzymes. The dimensions of the reaction chamber are dependent upon flow rates and must be selected to allow the mixture to remain in the chamber for a preselected reaction time.

Abstract: A method for analysis of hemoglobin variants by high speed liquid chromatography and, more particularly, by ion-exchange chromatography. Through the use of high flow rates and pressures, the hemoglobin variants can be rapidly forced through the separation column to thus enable rapid analysis. A bonded phase inorganic support column is utilized for separation of the hemoglobin variants with the profiles thereof then being obtained. The bonded phase support preferably includes ion-exchange groups bonded through a carbohydrate intermediate to controlled porosity glass. A pair of different columns may be utilized to separate the hemoglobin variants with one of the columns being an anion-exchanger, and more particularly, a diethylaminoethanol glycophase, controlled porosity glass column, with the other column being a cation-exchanger, and more particularly, a carboxymethyl glycophase, controlled porosity glass column.

Abstract: Chromatographic supports are disclosed as are methods and apparatus for preparing the same. The support includes an inorganic support matrix that is capable of reacting with silanols, a stationary phase, and an intermediate silane coupling agent having a silicon functional group capable of bonding to the support surface and an organic functional group capable of bonding to the stationary phase. The inorganic support matrix is preferably controlled porosity glass or silica while the coupling agent may include a simple carbohydrate, a carbohydrate derivative, or a polymer to which the stationary phase is attached. A plurality of chromatographic supports and stationary phases are disclosed and two methods of bonding of stationary phases to supports are also disclosed. In addition, apparatus including a fluidized bed is also disclosed to prepare supports.