Abstract: An absolute encoder configured to, when a rotation range of a measurement target member is limited by a brake mechanism, generate an AB-phase signal and a Z-phase signal for calculating a rotation angle of the measurement target member. The absolute encoder includes a brake mechanism, a plurality of Z-phase-signal-detection-target portions each having a Z-phase-signal-rise-detection-target portion and a Z-phase-signal-fall-detection-target portion, a plurality of AB-phase-signal-detection-target portions each located between a Z-phase-signal-rise-detection-target portion and a Z-phase-signal-fall-detection-target portion that are adjacent to each other in a circumferential direction, to thereby form a plurality of restriction ranges each including at least one of the Z-phase-signal-rise-detection-target portions and at least one of the Z-phase-signal-fall-detection-target portions.

Abstract: An object is to provide a misfire detection device and a vehicle with an enhanced detection reliability. A misfire detection device includes: a rotation speed acquisition unit configured to acquire a rotation speed of a rotator rotated by a four-stroke engine; a misfire determination unit configured to determine the presence or absence of a misfire in the four-stroke engine based on the rotation speed of the rotator acquired by the rotation speed acquisition unit; and a periodic fluctuation detection unit configured to detect a periodic fluctuation contained in a rotation fluctuation of the four-stroke engine based on a rotation speed acquired by the rotation speed acquisition unit, the periodic fluctuation being repeated on a circulation cycle of at least one element of a wrapping transmission element or a plurality of transmission wheels, the periodic fluctuation having a plurality of extreme values within the circulation cycle of the one element.

Abstract: An object is to provide a misfire detection device and a vehicle with an enhanced detection reliability. A misfire detection device includes: a rotation speed acquisition unit configured to acquire a rotation speed of a rotator rotated by a four-stroke engine; a misfire determination unit configured to determine the presence or absence of a misfire in the four-stroke engine based on the rotation speed of the rotator acquired by the rotation speed acquisition unit; and a periodic fluctuation detection unit configured to detect a periodic fluctuation contained in a rotation fluctuation of the four-stroke engine based on a rotation speed acquired by the rotation speed acquisition unit, the periodic fluctuation being repeated on a circulation cycle of at least one element of a wrapping transmission element or a plurality of transmission wheels, the periodic fluctuation having a plurality of extreme values within the circulation cycle of the one element.

Abstract: The corrosion of steam and condenser systems and piping therefor is minimized by the addition of anti-corrosion amounts of Vitamin A or Vitamin E.