Abstract: A conductive element includes: a substrate having a first wavy surface, a second wavy surface, and a third wavy surface; a first layer provided on the first wavy surface; and a second layer formed on the second wavy surface. The first and second layers form a conductive pattern portion. The first, second, and third wavy surfaces satisfy the following relationship: 0?(Am1/?m1)<(Am2/?m2)<(Am3/?m3)?1.8 (where Am1 is an average width of vibrations of the first wavy surface, Am2 is an average width of vibrations of the second wavy surface, Am3 is an average width of vibrations of the third wavy surface, ?m1 is an average wavelength of the first wavy surface, ?m2 is an average wavelength of the second wavy surface, and ?m3 is an average wavelength of the third wavy surface.

Abstract: An electroconductive element includes a substrate having a first wavy surface and a second wavy surface, and an electroconductive layer formed on the first wavy surface, wherein the electroconductive layer forms an electroconductive pattern, and the first wavy surface and the second wavy surface satisfy the following relationship: 0?(Am1/?m1)<(Am2/?m2)?1.8. Am1 is a mean amplitude of vibrations of the first wavy surface, Am2 is a mean amplitude of vibrations of the second wavy surface, ?m1 is a mean wavelength of the first wavy surface, and ?m2 is a mean wavelength of the second wavy surface.

Abstract: Transparent conductive element includes an optical layer provided with a wave surface that has an average wavelength smaller than or equal to a wavelength of visible light and a transparent conductive layer formed on the wave surface so as to follow the shape of the wave surface. When the average wavelength of the wave surface is ?m and an average amplitude of vibration of the wave surface is Am, the ratio (Am/?m) is 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less; an average angle of sloped surfaces of the wave surface is in the range of 30° or more and 60° or less; and when a thickness of the transparent conductive layer at a highest position of the wave surface is D1 and a thickness of the transparent conductive layer at a lowest position of the wave surface is D3, a ratio D3/D1 is in the range of 0.8 or less.

Abstract: A conductive element includes a base having a first wavy surface, a second wavy surface, and a third wavy surface, a first layer provided on the first wavy surface, and a second layer provided on the second wavy surface. The first layer has a multilayer structure including two or more stacked sublayers, the second layer has a single-layer or multilayer structure including part of the sublayers constituting the first layer, and the first and second layers form a conductive pattern portion. The first, second, and third wavy surfaces satisfy the following relationship: 0?(Am1/?m1)<(Am2/?m2)<(Am3/?m3)?1.8 (Am1: mean amplitude of first wavy surface, Am2: mean amplitude of second wavy surface, Am3: mean amplitude of third wavy surface, ?m1: mean wavelength of first wavy surface, ?m2: mean wavelength of second wavy surface, ?m3: mean wavelength of third wavy surface).

Abstract: An optical element includes, on a surface thereof, a plurality of structural bodies which extend in a first direction, where the plurality of structural bodies are aligned at a pitch of a sub-wavelength in a second direction which intersects with the first direction, and the widths of the structural bodies are changed periodically.

Abstract: A transfer mold includes a body, a first layer, and a second layer. The body has a projecting-and-recessed surface. The first layer contains an inorganic material and is disposed on the projecting-and-recessed surface of the body. The second layer contains fluorine and is disposed on a surface of the first layer. The average of hardness values of the projecting-and-recessed surface on which the first and second layers are disposed is 30 Hv or higher.

Abstract: An optical unit having an antireflection function includes a wave surface having a wavelength equal to or shorter than a wavelength of visible light. The wave surface has a curved plane which curves in a recessed shape between an apex portion and a bottom portion of the wave surface. An inflection point of an area of a cross section obtained by cutting through the wave surface in a plane perpendicular to a direction of vibration of the wave surface is positioned toward the bottom portion of the wave surface from a center of the vibration.

Abstract: A conduction element includes a substrate which has a first wave surface and a second wave surface, and a laminate film which is formed on the first wave surface and where two or more layers are laminated, where the laminate film forms a conduction pattern, and the first wave surface and the second wave surface satisfy a relationship below. 0?(Am1/?m1)<(Am2/?m2)?1.8 (Here, Am1: average width of vibration in the first wave surface, Am2: average width of vibration in the second wave surface, ?m1: average wavelength of the first wave surface, ?m2: average wavelength of the second wave surface).

Abstract: An optical sheet manufacturing apparatus includes a first master including a first three-dimensional structure, a second master including a second three-dimensional structure, a first processing unit to heat a first surface of a resin sheet to a first temperature and transfer the first three-dimensional structure onto the first surface heated, a second processing unit to cool the first surface to a second temperature lower than the first temperature, heat a second surface of the resin sheet to a third temperature higher than the second temperature, and transfer the second three-dimensional structure onto the second surface heated, a third processing unit to cool the second surface to a fourth temperature lower than the third temperature, a first conveyance mechanism to perform conveyance from the first processing unit to the second processing unit, and a second conveyance mechanism to perform conveyance from the second processing unit to the third processing unit.

Abstract: An optical element includes a base and a large number of structures arranged on the surface of the base, the structures being projections or depressions. The structures are arranged at a pitch shorter than or equal to a wavelength of light in a use environment. An effective refractive index in the depth direction of the structures gradually increases toward the base and has two or more inflection points.

Abstract: A transparent conductive element includes an optical layer provided with a wave surface that has an average wavelength smaller than or equal to a wavelength of visible light and a transparent conductive layer formed on the wave surface so as to follow the shape of the wave surface. When the average wavelength of the wave surface is ?m and an average amplitude of vibration of the wave surface is Am, the ratio (Am/?m) is 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less; an average angle of sloped surfaces of the wave surface is in the range of 30° or more and 60° or less; and when a thickness of the transparent conductive layer at a highest position of the wave surface is D1 and a thickness of the transparent conductive layer at a lowest position of the wave surface is D3, a ratio D3/D1 is in the range of 0.8 or less.

Abstract: A transparent conductive element includes: an optical layer on which a wave surface with an average wavelength equal to or less than a wavelength of visible light is provided; and a transparent conductive layer that is formed on the wave surface so as to follow the corresponding wave surface. Assuming that the average wavelength of the wave surface is ?m and the average width of oscillation of the wave surface is Am, a ratio of (Am/?m) is 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less. The average wavelength ?m of the wave surface is 140 nm or more and 300 nm or less. The film thickness of the transparent conductive layer at a position, at which the height of the wave surface is maximized, is 100 nm or less. The area of a planar portion of the wave surface is 50% or less.

Abstract: A conductive element includes a base having a first wavy surface, a second wavy surface, and a third wavy surface, a first layer provided on the first wavy surface, and a second layer provided on the second wavy surface. The first layer has a multilayer structure including two or more stacked sublayers, the second layer has a single-layer or multilayer structure including part of the sublayers constituting the first layer, and the first and second layers form a conductive pattern portion. The first, second, and third wavy surfaces satisfy the following relationship: 0?(Am1/?m1)<(Am2/?m2)<(Am3/?m3)?1.8 (Am1: mean amplitude of first wavy surface, Am2: mean amplitude of second wavy surface, Am3: mean amplitude of third wavy surface, ?m1: mean wavelength of first wavy surface, ?m2: mean wavelength of second wavy surface, ?m3: mean wavelength of third wavy surface).

Abstract: An optical system includes an optical element that has a surface on which a plurality of sub-wavelength structure bodies are formed; and an imaging device that has an imaging region which senses light via the optical element, wherein the surface of the optical element has one or two or more sections that scatter incident light and generate scattered light, and wherein a sum total of components of the scattered light reaching the imaging region is smaller than a sum total of components thereof reaching regions other than the imaging region.

Abstract: A conduction element includes a substrate which has a first wave surface and a second wave surface, and a laminate film which is formed on the first wave surface and where two or more layers are laminated, where the laminate film forms a conduction pattern, and the first wave surface and the second wave surface satisfy a relationship below. 0?(Am1/?m1)<(Am2/?m2)?1.

Abstract: An electrically conductive optical element is provided with a substrate having a surface, structures which are convex portions or concave portions in the shape of a cone and which are arranged in large numbers on the surface of the substrate with a minute pitch less than or equal to the wavelength of the visible light, and a transparent, electrically conductive layer disposed on the structures. The aspect ratio of the structure is 0.2 or more, and 1.3 or less, the transparent, electrically conductive layer has a surface following the structures, the average layer thickness Dm1 of the transparent, electrically conductive layer at the top portion of the structure is 80 nm or less, and the surface resistance of the transparent, electrically conductive layer is within the range of 50?/? or more, and 500?/? or less.

Abstract: A conductive optical device includes a base member and a transparent conductive film formed on the base member. A surface structure of the transparent conductive film includes a plurality of convex portions having antireflective properties and arranged at a pitch equal to or smaller than a wavelength of visible light.

Abstract: Provided is a conductive optical device including a substrate having flexibility; structural elements which are constructed with a plurality of convex portions or concave portions with a fine pitch which is equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light arranged on a surface of the substrate; and a transparent conductive layer which is formed on the structural elements, wherein the aspect ratio of the structural elements is equal to or more than 0.1 and equal to or less than 1.8, wherein the transparent conductive layer has a surface emulating the structural elements, and wherein a conductivity with respect to the bending test is maintained.

Abstract: A transparent conductive element is provided and includes a conductive layer having a first surface and a second surface and a medium layer formed on at least one of the first surface and the second surface. In the transparent conductive element, at least one of the first surface and the second surface is a wave surface with a wavelength shorter than or equal to that of visible light; the ratio (Am/?m) of a mean peak-to-peak amplitude Am to a mean wavelength ?m of the wave surface is 1.8 or less. The mean thickness Dm of the conductive layer is larger than the mean peak-to-peak amplitude Am of the wave surface.

Abstract: An electroconductive element includes a substrate having a first wavy surface and a second wavy surface, and an electroconductive layer formed on the first wavy surface, wherein the electroconductive layer forms an electroconductive pattern, and the first wavy surface and the second wavy surface satisfy the following relationship: 0?(Am1/?m1)<(Am2/?m2)?1.8. Am1 is a mean amplitude of vibrations of the first wavy surface, Am2 is a mean amplitude of vibrations of the second wavy surface, ?m1 is a mean wavelength of the first wavy surface, and ?m2 is a mean wavelength of the second wavy surface.