Abstract: ‘311NR’ is a new and distinct variety of Phalaenopsis orchid; the instant variety is distinguishable from other cultivars by its dark purple flower petals, overall plant length, and width of flower and flower petals.

Abstract: To provide a highly expressed F3?5?H gene, whereby a blue moth orchid can be produced and a method using the gene for producing Orchids having blue flowers. A gene encoding a flavonoid 3?,5?-hydroxylase of Commelina communis, which has an amino acid sequence depicted in SEQ ID No: 2 or an amino acid sequence having at least 90% of homology to the amino acid sequence depicted in SEQ ID No: 2. A method for producing an orchid having a blue flower, which comprises transfecting a white moth orchid with the gene, a gene encoding a dihydroflavonol 4-reductase of Torenia or Gerbera; a gene encoding a flavanone 3-hydroxylase; and a gene encoding an anthocyanidin synthase and expressing the genes.

Abstract: To provide a highly expressed F3?5?H gene, whereby a blue moth orchid can be produced and a method using the gene for producing Orchids having blue flowers. A gene encoding a flavonoid 3?,5?-hydroxylase of Commelina communis, which has an amino acid sequence depicted in SEQ ID No: 2 or an amino acid sequence having at least 90% of homology to the amino acid sequence depicted in SEQ ID No: 2. A method for producing an orchid having a blue flower, which comprises transfecting a white moth orchid with the gene, a gene encoding a dihydroflavonol 4-reductase of Torenia or Gerbera; a gene encoding a flavanone 3-hydroxylase; and a gene encoding an anthocyanidin synthase and expressing the genes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cytokine production inhibitor containing as an active ingredient an aniline derivative of the formula (I) or a salt thereof: [wherein A is CO or SO2; Cy is an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; each of R1 and R2 which are independent of each other, is a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group which may be substituted, an alkenyl group which may be substituted, an alkynyl group which may be substituted, a cycloalkyl group which may be substituted, a cycloalkenyl group which may be substituted, an aryl group which may be substituted, a heterocyclic group which may be substituted, an amino group which may be substituted or a —B-Q group; R3 is a -M1-M2-R5 group; R4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may be substituted; x is an integer of from 0 to 5; y is an integer of from 0 to 4; and z is an integer of from 0 to 1].

Abstract: The present invention provides a cytokine production inhibitor containing as an active ingredient an aniline derivative of the formula (I) or a salt thereof: 1