Abstract: A system and a solution-preparation-determining apparatus which determines whether additional preparation of an undiluted dialysate solution is necessary.

Abstract: An emotion estimating device, an emotion estimating system, and an emotion estimating method capable of estimating an emotion of a subject based on information obtained from daily activities can be provided. An emotion estimating device includes an interface that receives input of walking data of a subject measured by a measurement device and emotion data obtained by quantifying the emotion of the subject, a storage that stores the walking data and the emotion data, and an computer that obtains corresponding data in which a plurality of walking parameters included in the walking data stored in the storage are associated with the emotion data. When the interface newly receives the input of the walking data, the computer estimates the emotion of the subject from the plurality of walking parameters included in the newly received walking data, and outputs information indicating the estimated emotion of the subject.

Abstract: A method of modulation and demodulation of data converts data words of four bits to converted data words of twelve bits according to a normal coding scheme in which successive marks or "1" bits are separated by at least five spaces or "0" bits. At least two consecutive four-bit data words are furnished to a logic device that detects whether the last "1" bit of one converted data word corresponding thereto according to the normal coding scheme will be less than five bits from the first "1" bit in the next converted data word, and provides appropriate key bits; and converted data words are selectively provided according to the normal coding scheme and according to an alternate coding scheme in response to such key bits, so that in the modulated data, the "1" bits are always separated from each other by at least five "0" bits.