Abstract: The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present embodiment is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a base steel sheet (1), an intermediate layer (4) disposed to be in contact with the base steel sheet (1), and an insulation coating (3) disposed to be in contact with the intermediate layer (4). The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present embodiment includes a surface of the base steel sheet (1) having a strain region (D) which extends in a direction intersecting a rolling direction of the base steel sheet (1), and a crystalline phosphorus oxide M2P4O13 present in the insulation coating (3) on the strain region (D) in a cross-sectional view of a surface parallel to the rolling direction and a sheet thickness direction of the base steel sheet (1). (M means at least one or both of Fe and Cr.

Abstract: A torsion beam suspension includes a pair of lateral trailing members, each of which has a front end portion pivotally supported by a vehicle body and also has a rear end portion adapted to suspend wheels. The suspension also includes a torsion beam adapted to have an open face, in which a vehicle front side or a vehicle rear side thereof is opened, and arranged to extend in a lateral direction of a vehicle. Intermediate portions of the pair of trailing members are respectively bonded to corresponding end portions of the torsion beam. On an inner side wall of each of the trailing members, a patch member connecting a corresponding one of the trailing members to the torsion beam is disposed.

Abstract: It is a torsion beam suspension S including a pair of lateral trailing members, each of which has a front end portion 1a pivotally supported by a vehicle body and also has a rear end portion 1b adapted to suspend wheels, and a torsion beam 2 adapted to have an open face, in which a vehicle front side or a vehicle rear side thereof is opened, and to extend in a lateral direction of a vehicle. Intermediate portions 1c of the pair of trailing members 1 are respectively bonded to both end portions 2a of the torsion beam 2. On an inner side wall 1d of each of the trailing members 1, a patch member 4 connecting a corresponding one of the trailing members 1 to the torsion beam 2 is disposed.