Abstract: Provided is a membrane electrode assembly having excellent durability. A membrane electrode assembly includes: a solid polymer electrolyte membrane; an anode catalyst layer disposed on one surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane; and a cathode catalyst layer disposed on the other surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The membrane electrode assembly includes metal ions selected from cerium ions and manganese ions and a host compound capable of forming an inclusion compound with the metal ions. The host compound is a crown ether compound comprising an amino group or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present vehicle includes a projection device installed in the vehicle; and a laminated glass configured to transmit a light beam emitted from the projection device to a vehicle exterior side. The laminated glass includes a vehicle-interior-side glass plate; a vehicle-exterior-side glass plate; an interlayer bonding the vehicle-interior-side glass plate and the vehicle-exterior-side glass plate; and a scattering layer arranged between the vehicle-exterior-side glass plate and the vehicle-interior-side glass plate, and in contact with the interlayer, the scattering layer being configured to be irradiated with the light beam. A relationship between visible light transmittance Tv (%) of the laminated glass and an angle of incidence ? (degrees) to the scattering layer of each ray included in the light beam incident on the scattering layer satisfies Formula (1) described in the description.

Abstract: The noise calculation unit applies a statistical process for the measurement signal of the first number of data to calculate the noise value. The calculation threshold setting unit sets the calculation threshold based on the noise value. The period determination unit determines a period where a difference between the measurement signal and a moving average value calculated in a previous cycle exceeds the calculation threshold, to be the non-calculation period of the baseline. The moving average calculation unit is configured such that the measurement signal in a period excluding the non-calculation period is moving-averaged for each second number of data to calculate the moving average value. The first number of data and the second number of data are set independently.

Abstract: An electron tube includes a photoelectric conversion unit, an electron detection unit configured to receive a photoelectrons from the photoelectric conversion unit, a gate electrode disposed between the photoelectric conversion unit and the electron detection unit, and a housing configured to accommodate the photoelectric conversion unit, the electron detection unit, and the gate electrode. The housing has a lid portion to which the photoelectric conversion unit is fixed and which constitutes one end side of the housing. The gate electrode includes a main body portion that control passage of the photoelectrons by applying a voltage, and a power supply part that supports the main body portion so as to be spaced apart from the photoelectric conversion unit and applies a voltage to the main body portion. The power supply part is held by the lid portion.

Abstract: A processing circuit includes: a clock generating circuit configured to generate, based on a reference clock signal and a frequency division ratio, a first clock signal; a frequency dividing and delay circuit configured to generate a second clock signal to have a first phase difference with the reference clock signal by dividing the frequency of the first clock signal and delaying the first clock signal based on a phase shift set signal and the frequency division ratio; an analog-to-digital converter circuit configured to convert an analog signal into a digital signal based on the first clock signal and a conversion trigger signal indicating a sampling period and a conversion period; and a control circuit configured to generate the conversion trigger signal to have the same cycle as the second clock signal based on the frequency division ratio and the first clock signal.

Abstract: A light field device including: a plurality of microdisplays; a plurality of first lenses on the plurality of microdisplays and configured to refract light output from the plurality of microdisplays; and a plurality of second lenses on the plurality of first lenses and configured to refract light that is projected from the plurality of first lenses, wherein each of the plurality of microdisplays includes a light emitting region including a plurality of micro-LEDs and a bezel region surrounding the light emitting region, and a pitch of the plurality of second lenses is greater than a pitch of the plurality of first lenses.

Abstract: An electron tube includes a photoelectric conversion unit, an electron detection unit configured to receive a photoelectrons from the photoelectric conversion unit, a gate electrode disposed between the photoelectric conversion unit and the electron detection unit, and a housing configured to accommodate the photoelectric conversion unit, the electron detection unit, and the gate electrode. The housing has a lid portion to which the photoelectric conversion unit is fixed and which constitutes one end side of the housing. The gate electrode includes a main body portion that control passage of the photoelectrons by applying a voltage, and a power supply part that supports the main body portion so as to be spaced apart from the photoelectric conversion unit and applies a voltage to the main body portion. The power supply part is held by the lid portion.

Abstract: A semiconductor device that can be miniaturized or highly integrated is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first conductor, a second conductor over the first conductor, a first insulator covering the second conductor, a first oxide over the first insulator, and a second oxide over the first oxide, an opening overlapping with at least part of the first conductor is provided in the first oxide and the first insulator, and the second oxide is electrically connected to the first conductor through the opening.

Abstract: A switching device includes a switch unit with a contact structure and a first operation shaft. The switching device includes a second flange with a contact portion to be in contact with the first operation shaft, and includes a second operation shaft. The switching device includes a holding member with an engagement portion to be engaged with an upper surface of the second flange. The switching device includes a switch operator in which the holding member is inserted. When a lateral pressing force is applied to the switch operator, a second contact portion between the second flange and the engagement portion serves as a support, and thus the second operation shaft rotates with the support. The first operation shaft rotates in accordance with the rotation of the second operation shaft, so that the contact structure is electrically conductive.

Abstract: A photodetection element includes a pixel region, a first absorption region, a first discharge electrode, a pixel neighboring region, a second absorption region, and a second discharge electrode. The pixel region is formed in a semiconductor substrate and internally generates an electron and a hole in accordance with the incident light. The pixel neighboring region is formed so as to be adjacent to the pixel region and internally generates an electron and a hole in accordance with the incident light. The second absorption region is formed in the pixel neighboring region and absorbs, of either of the electron and the hole generated in the pixel neighboring region, the carrier equal to a first discharge carrier as a second discharge carrier. The second discharge electrode is formed on the semiconductor substrate and discharges, from the second absorption region, the second discharge carrier absorbed in the second absorption region.

Abstract: A photodetection element includes a pixel region, a first absorption region, a first discharge electrode, a pixel neighboring region, a second absorption region, and a second discharge electrode. The pixel region is formed in a semiconductor substrate and internally generates an electron and a hole in accordance with the incident light. The pixel neighboring region is formed so as to be adjacent to the pixel region and internally generates an electron and a hole in accordance with the incident light. The second absorption region is formed in the pixel neighboring region and absorbs, of either of the electron and the hole generated in the pixel neighboring region, the carrier equal to a first discharge carrier as a second discharge carrier. The second discharge electrode is formed on the semiconductor substrate and discharges, from the second absorption region, the second discharge carrier absorbed in the second absorption region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device that can be miniaturized or highly integrated is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first conductor, a second conductor over the first conductor, a first insulator covering the second conductor, a first oxide over the first insulator, and a second oxide over the first oxide, an opening overlapping with at least part of the first conductor is provided in the first oxide and the first insulator, and the second oxide is electrically connected to the first conductor through the opening.

Abstract: When an operation knob 10 formed of silicone rubber is pushed laterally, a stem 7 tilts with a contact portion (i) as a fulcrum, a push button portion 6b is pushed, and a contact point in a switch mechanism portion 6a operates to turn on a switch circuit. Even if, by a large operating force F3 being applied, the operation knob 10 is extended and the inner surface portion 15, which is a ceiling surface of an internal space 13 of the operation knob 10, rides on an upper end portion 7c, a reinforcing surface 19 provided on the inner surface portion 15 slides on the upper end portion 7c, and the operation knob 10 returns to the initial shape.

Abstract: A semiconductor device that can be miniaturized or highly integrated is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first conductor, a second conductor over the first conductor, a first insulator covering the second conductor, a first oxide over the first insulator, and a second oxide over the first oxide, an opening overlapping with at least part of the first conductor is provided in the first oxide and the first insulator, and the second oxide is electrically connected to the first conductor through the opening.

Abstract: According to the present embodiment, the first fuel cell group is formed of a plurality of fuel cell stacks connected in series. The first power converter is capable of controlling a first power to be generated by the first fuel cell group according to a first output current. The second fuel cell group is formed of a plurality of fuel cell stacks connected in series, the fuel cell stacks corresponding respectively to the fuel cell stacks in the first fuel cell group. The second power converter is capable of controlling a second power to be generated by the second fuel cell group according to a second output current. Oxygen-containing gas is supplied through the first pipe to each of the fuel cell stacks in the first fuel cell group and each of the fuel cell stacks in the second fuel cell group.

Abstract: A semiconductor device that can be miniaturized or highly integrated is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first conductor, a second conductor over the first conductor, a first insulator covering the second conductor, a first oxide over the first insulator, and a second oxide over the first oxide, an opening overlapping with at least part of the first conductor is provided in the first oxide and the first insulator, and the second oxide is electrically connected to the first conductor through the opening.

Abstract: In a signal processing device, a branch section generates, from an input signal which is a current signal, a plurality of branch signals that are proportional to the input signal and have different signal intensities, and supplies the plurality of branch signals to respective different individual paths. A selection section selects one of the plurality of individual paths and outputs a signal supplied through the selected individual path. A determination section determines whether in each of the plurality of individual paths, a magnitude of a signal supplied to the selection section is in a preset allowable range. A control section causes the selection section to select the individual path having a highest gain among the individual paths in which the magnitude of the signal is determined by the determination section to be in the allowable range.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a fermentation product by culturing a microorganism, the method containing steps (A) to (D): (A) culturing the microorganism with a first culture medium; (B) passing a culture solution containing cultured bacterial cells, raw materials for culture, and the fermentation product through an adsorption tower packed with an adsorbent capable of adsorbing the fermentation product from the culture solution, and then collecting an effluent containing the bacterial cells and the raw materials for culture flowing out from the adsorption tower, wherein a relationship among a size (short diameter) d of the bacterial cell, a pore size D1 of the adsorbent, and a minimum void size D2 between adsorbent particles, D1<d<D2 is satisfied; (C) eluting the fermentation product from the absorbent; and (D) culturing the microorganism with a second culture medium using collected effluent containing the bacterial cells and the raw materials for culture.