Abstract: A graphene nanoribbon represented by formula (1): wherein R1 represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R3 and R4 are both hydrogen atoms, or R3 and R4 taken together form a group represented by —SiR2aR2b—, wherein R2a and R2b are the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 or more, is a novel GNR obtained by a simpler and industrially advantageous method for GNRs.

Abstract: An optical path of infrared rays (see the broken lines in FIG. 1) is modified to a substantially U-like shape by a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror. An incidence angle of the infrared rays incident on the wavelength filter (an angle between the infrared rays incident on the surface of the wavelength filter and the line perpendicular to the surface of the wavelength filter) is nearly zero. For this reason, as compared with a conventional example, the influence of the incidence angle dependence of the wavelength filter can be reduced. As a result, the amount of the infrared rays reaching the light receiving unit through the wavelength filter is increased, thereby suppressing a decline in the detection accuracy of the gas component.

Abstract: An optical path of infrared rays (see the broken lines in FIG. 1) is modified to a substantially U-like shape by a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror. An incidence angle of the infrared rays incident on the wavelength filter (an angle between the infrared rays incident on the surface of the wavelength filter and the line perpendicular to the surface of the wavelength filter) is nearly zero. For this reason, as compared with a conventional example, the influence of the incidence angle dependence of the wavelength filter can be reduced. As a result, the amount of the infrared rays reaching the light receiving unit through the wavelength filter is increased, thereby suppressing a decline in the detection accuracy of the gas component.

Abstract: m-Isopropenylphenol oligomer which is useful for the production of synthetic resins such as epoxy resins is produced by polyermizing m-isopropenylphenol at a temperature of 135.degree. to 230.degree. C. using a catalytic amount of an acid catalyst in the presence or absence of a solvent, or freezing m-isopropenylphenol in the presence or absence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: An oligomer of m-isopropenylphenol is produced by subjecting m-isopropenylphenol to thermal polymerization in the absence of a catalyst.

Abstract: m-Isopropenylphenol oligomer which is useful for the production of synthetic resins such as epoxy resins is produced by polymerizing m-isopropenylphenol at a temperature of 135.degree. to 230.degree. C. using a catalytic amount of an acid catalyst in the presence or absence of a solvent, or freezing m-isopropenylphenol in the presence or absence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: An epoxy resin of the formulae (I) and/or (II), ##STR1## wherein R and R' are each hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and n is a mean value satisfying the equation, 0<n.ltoreq.2, which is excellent in heat resistance, flexibility, curability and the like, and is useful in paints, adhesives, civil engineering and construction industry, electric appliances and the like.

Abstract: A process for producing poly-.alpha.-olefin short fibers, which is characterized by further increasing the pressure of a solution system comprising a fiber-forming crystalline poly-.alpha.-olefin and a solvent and existing in the form of a solution mixture of two liquid phases at an elevated temperature and pressure, and immediately thereafter ejecting the solution system under pressure through a nozzle or orifice.