Abstract: A turbine housing that includes: a body part including a scroll passage wall surface, an exhaust gas discharge path wall surface, and a wastegate passage wall surface provided inside the body part, the scroll passage wall surface forming a scroll passage having a scroll shape, the wastegate passage wall surface forming a wastegate passage connecting the scroll passage and the exhaust gas discharge path to each other while bypassing the turbine wheel; and an entrance flange part provided at an upstream end of the scroll passage in the body part, the entrance flange part including an exhaust gas inlet leading to the scroll passage. The wastegate passage has an entrance-side opening edge formed at the scroll passage wall surface and provided at a position where the entrance-side opening edge is visually recognizable at least partially from outside the turbine housing through the exhaust gas inlet.

Abstract: A detection system for a keyboard instrument includes a movable member that is displaceable in response to a user playing operation of the keyboard instrument. The detection system includes: (i) a detectable portion of a magnetic or conductive body that is disposed on the movable member; (ii) a detection board including: a detection coil disposed facing the detectable portion; and a detection circuit configured to generate a detection signal depending on a distance between the detection coil and the detectable portion; (iii) a control board, which is discrete from the detection board, including a control integrated circuit configured to generate, based on the detection signal, displacement data indicating a position of the movable member; and (iv) a wiring portion including a wiring configured to transmit the detection signal from the detection board to the control board.

Abstract: A scroll passage of a turbine housing includes: an outer peripheral surface extending along an axial direction of the turbine housing; an inner peripheral surface disposed inward of the outer peripheral surface; a one-side surface extending along the radial direction; an other-side surface disposed closer to an outlet of the housing; a one-side outer peripheral R portion connecting the one-side surface and the outer peripheral surface; an other-side outer peripheral R portion connecting the other-side surface and the outer peripheral surface; and an other-side inner peripheral R portion connecting the other-side surface and the inner peripheral surface. A ratio of a width dimension of the scroll passage to an R dimension of each portion is defined as a peripheral R ratio, and the peripheral R ratio has an R ratio increasing region the ratio increases from upstream to downstream in the scroll passage.

Abstract: A turbine housing is configured to house a turbine wheel to be driven with exhaust gas discharged from a gasoline engine. The turbine housing includes: a body part including a scroll passage wall surface, an exhaust gas discharge path wall surface, and a wastegate passage wall surface provided inside the body part, the scroll passage wall surface forming a scroll passage having a scroll shape for guiding the exhaust gas to the turbine wheel, the exhaust gas discharge path wall surface forming an exhaust gas discharge path for discharging the exhaust gas having passed through the turbine wheel, the wastegate passage wall surface forming a wastegate passage connecting the scroll passage and the exhaust gas discharge path to each other while bypassing the turbine wheel; and an entrance flange part provided at an upstream end of the scroll passage in the body part, the entrance flange part including an exhaust gas inlet leading to the scroll passage.

Abstract: A turbine housing has a scroll passage.

Abstract: A performance operation apparatus includes a distance sensor, an operating element and a holding portion. The distance sensor includes a first substrate and a second substrate and is configured to measure a distance between the first substrate and the second substrate. A conductor is arranged in each of the first substrate and the second substrate. The operating element is operable by an operator. The holding portion holds the first substrate between the operating element and the second substrate and is configured to move with the operating element integrally. Alternatively, a performance operation apparatus includes a distance sensor, an operating element, a first member and a holding portion. The first member is interlocked with the operating element. The holding portion holds the first substrate between the first member and the second substrate and is configured to move with the first member integrally.

Abstract: A detection system is used in a musical keyboard instrument that includes a key, the displacement of which changes in accordance with a playing operation. The detection system includes a detectable portion configured to be disposed on the movable member and including a first coil; a signal generator including a second coil configured to be disposed spaced from the first coil and configured to, in a state where the second coil receives a supply of current: generate a magnetic field; and generate a detection signal with a level depending on a distance between the detectable portion and the second coil; and a magnetic body disposed on at least one of the movable member or the signal generator.