Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or methoxy, R.sub.2 is H, methoxy, OH or F, R.sub.3 is H or F, R.sub.4 is H or F at 7-, 8- or 9-position, and .circle.Ar is a benzene, thiophene or pyridine ring, provided that (i) at least two of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are H, (ii) R.sub.2 or R.sub.3 is F when R.sub.4 is F, (iii) R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are H when R.sub.2 is methoxy or OH, (iv) R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are not simultaneously F, and (v) R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are H or F, and both R.sub.1 and R.sub.4 are H when .circle.Ar is a thiophene or pyridine ring, or a physiologically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

Abstract: Novel glucosaminyl muramyl peptide derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen atom or a group of the formula: R.sub.1 CO--, Y is hydroxy group or a group of the formula: --OR.sub.2, ##STR2## R.sub.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group, R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl group or a phenylalkyl group, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and are each hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, Y' is hydroxy group or a group of the formula: --OR.sub.2 or ##STR3## (D) and (L) mean the configuration, provided that when X is hydrogen atom, Y is a group of the formula: ##STR4## and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. They have excellent biological activities such as potentiating activity of nonspecific resistance to microbial infections and immunostimulant activity and hence are useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of various microbial infections.

Abstract: Novel 2-cyclic amino-2-(1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)acetic acid derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or a halogen atom, R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl group, Am is a 5- to 9-membered saturated cyclic amino group which may be substituted by a lower alkyl group, and the group: ##STR2## binds to the piperidine moiety at 3- or 4-position of the latter, and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts and quaternary ammonium salts, process for their preparation, and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds. They have potent anticholinergic antispasmodic activity, while they are weak in side effects such as mydriasis, inhibition of salivary secretion and tachycardia.

Abstract: .delta.-substituted derivatives of valproic acid are provided for conjugation to antigenic compositions, particularly proteins and enzymes.The antigenic conjugates are employed for the production of antibodies, which find particular use in immunoassays for the determination of valproate.Also are disclosed a kit containing at least the conjugate and the antibody and determination method of valproate using the kit.