Abstract: A porous liquid crystal polymer sheet and a wiring circuit board have excellent handleability and excellent low repulsive properties. The porous liquid crystal polymer sheet 1 has a porosity P of 20% or more and 90% or less. The porous liquid crystal polymer sheet 1 has a thickness T of 1 ?m or more and 240 ?m or less.

Abstract: A porous liquid crystal polymer sheet and a wiring circuit board have excellent handleability and excellent low repulsive properties. The porous liquid crystal polymer sheet 1 has a porosity P of 20% or more and 90% or less. The porous liquid crystal polymer sheet 1 has a thickness T of 1 ?m or more and 240 ?m or less.

Abstract: A film manufacturing apparatus includes a lamination unit that laminates a first layer at one side in a thickness direction of a long-length substrate film to produce a one-sided laminated film, and that laminates a second layer at the other side in the thickness direction of the one-sided laminated film to produce a double-sided laminated film; a conveyance unit; a marking unit; a measurement unit; a detection unit, disposed at an upstream side in the conveyance direction of the measurement unit; and an arithmetic unit that obtains physical properties of the first layer and the second layer based on the physical property at a first position in the one-sided laminated film and the physical property at a second position in the double-sided laminated film. The arithmetic unit defines, with a mark as a reference, a position substantially the same as the first position to be the second position.

Abstract: In a preliminary deposition for producing an optical film in which multilayered optical thin-film is formed on a film substrate, a plurality of sputtering chambers are simultaneously energized to deposit a stacked body of thin-films made of two or more different materials on the film substrate, and the thicknesses of the plurality of thin-films are calculated from the optical properties obtained by the optical measuring unit (80) equipped in a sputtering apparatus. Measurement of the thicknesses and adjusting the deposition conditions for thin-films are repeated until the optical properties obtained by the optical measurement unit or the thickness of the respective thin-films calculated from the optical properties falls within a prescribed range.

Abstract: A method is disclosed to accurately estimate the thickness of each layer of a multilayer film. A first optical value difference between an actually measured optical value and a first theoretical optical value is obtained, and the first optical value difference is compared with a preset convergence condition. In a case where the first optical value difference does not satisfy the convergence condition, a second estimated thickness value of each layer expected to have an optical value difference smaller than the first optical value difference is set. A second optical value difference between an actually measured optical value and a second theoretical optical value is obtained, and the second optical value difference is compared with the convergence condition. Each step is repeated to obtain the estimated thickness value of each layer in which the difference between the actually measured optical value and the theoretical optical value satisfies the convergence condition.

Abstract: A film manufacturing apparatus includes a lamination unit that laminates a first layer at one side in a thickness direction of a long-length substrate film to produce a one-sided laminated film, and that laminates a second layer at the other side in the thickness direction of the one-sided laminated film to produce a double-sided laminated film; a conveyance unit; a marking unit; a measurement unit; a detection unit, disposed at an upstream side in the conveyance direction of the measurement unit; and an arithmetic unit that obtains physical properties of the first layer and the second layer based on the physical property at a first position in the one-sided laminated film and the physical property at a second position in the double-sided laminated film. The arithmetic unit defines, with a mark as a reference, a position substantially the same as the first position to be the second position.

Abstract: To realize film thickness correction of each layer without waste of material and time in the film formation method for a multilayer film in which each layer constituting the multilayer film is laminated one by one with a time interval. The film formation method for a multilayer film includes the steps of setting a target value (target thickness value) of a thickness of each layer, obtaining an estimated thickness (estimated thickness value) of each layer of a formed multilayer film 6, obtaining a film formation parameter change amount of each layer for minimizing a difference between the target thickness value and the estimated thickness value of each layer, and sequentially changing film formation parameters of each layer by the film formation parameter change amount of each layer with a time interval.

Abstract: A method is disclosed to accurately estimate the thickness of each layer of a multilayer film. A first optical value difference between an actually measured optical value and a first theoretical optical value is obtained, and the first optical value difference is compared with a preset convergence condition. In a case where the first optical value difference does not satisfy the convergence condition, a second estimated thickness value of each layer expected to have an optical value difference smaller than the first optical value difference is set. A second optical value difference between an actually measured optical value and a second theoretical optical value is obtained, and the second optical value difference is compared with the convergence condition. Each step is repeated to obtain the estimated thickness value of each layer in which the difference between the actually measured optical value and the theoretical optical value satisfies the convergence condition.

Abstract: In a preliminary deposition for producing an optical film in which multilayered optical thin-film is formed on a film substrate, a plurality of sputtering chambers are simultaneously energized to deposit a stacked body of thin-films made of two or more different materials on the film substrate, and the thicknesses of the plurality of thin-films are calculated from the optical properties obtained by the optical measuring unit (80) equipped in a sputtering apparatus. Measurement of the thicknesses and adjusting the deposition conditions for thin-films are repeated until the optical properties obtained by the optical measurement unit or the thickness of the respective thin-films calculated from the optical properties falls within a prescribed range.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a polarizing film comprising a polarizer, a first transparent protective film provided on one surface of the polarizer with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween, and a second transparent protective film provided on another surface of the polarizer with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween, the adhesive layers are obtained by first using active energy rays to carry out irradiation by way of the first transparent protective film and then using the active energy rays to carry out irradiation by way of the second transparent protective film to cure the active energy ray-curable adhesive composition.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display being capable of improving the contrast ratio in the front direction thereof is provided. A liquid crystal display 100 of the present invention includes, in sequence: a light source device 14 that emits a parallel light beam; a back surface-side polarizer 16; a liquid crystal cell 13; a display surface-side polarizer 11; and a light diffusion layer 15. The liquid crystal display 100 further includes: a selective light-shielding layer 12 between the display surface-side polarizer 11 and the light diffusion layer 15 so that the selective light-shielding layer 12 shields light that is generated by being depolarized and scattered in the liquid crystal cell 13 and travels in a direction that is different from a direction in which the parallel light beam travels.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a polarizing film comprising a polarizer, a first transparent protective film provided on one surface of the polarizer with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween, and a second transparent protective film provided on another surface of the polarizer with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween, the adhesive layers are obtained by first using active energy rays to carry out irradiation by way of the first transparent protective film and then using the active energy rays to carry out irradiation by way of the second transparent protective film to cure the active energy ray-curable adhesive composition.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display being capable of improving the contrast ratio in the front direction thereof is provided. A liquid crystal display 100 of the present invention includes, in sequence: a light source device 14 that emits a parallel light beam; a back surface-side polarizer 16; a liquid crystal cell 13; a display surface-side polarizer 11; and a light diffusion layer 15. The liquid crystal display 100 further includes: a selective light-shielding layer 12 between the display surface-side polarizer 11 and the light diffusion layer 15 so that the selective light-shielding layer 12 shields light that is generated by being depolarized and scattered in the liquid crystal cell 13 and travels in a direction that is different from a direction in which the parallel light beam travels.

Abstract: An optical compensation layer-attached polarizing plate including a polarizing plate, an optical compensation layer and another optical compensation layer that are laminated in this order, wherein the optical compensation layer has the relation nx1>ny1=nz1, including a resin with a photoelastic coefficient absolute value of at most 2.0×10?11 m2/N, and has an in-plane retardation (nx1?ny1)d1 in the range of 200 nm to 300 nm, the optical compensation layer has the relation nx2>ny2>nz2, including a resin with a photoelastic coefficient absolute value of at most 2.0×10?11 m2/N, and has an in-plane retardation (nx2?ny2)d2 in the range of 90 nm to 160 nm, a slow axis of the optical compensation layer makes an angle of 10° to 30° with an absorption axis of the polarizing plate, and a slow axis of the optical compensation layer makes an angle of 75° to 95° with the absorption axis of the polarizing plate.

Abstract: An optical compensation layer-attached polarizing plate of the invention comprises a polarizing plate, an optical compensation layer (1) and another optical compensation layer (2) that are laminated in this order, wherein the optical compensation layer (1) has the relation nx1>ny1=nz1, comprises a resin with a photoelastic coefficient absolute value of at most 2.0×10?11 m2/N, and has an in-plane retardation (nx1?ny1)d1 in the range of 200 nm to 300 nm, the optical compensation layer (2) has the relation nx2>ny2>nz2, comprises a resin with a photoelastic coefficient absolute value of at most 2.0×10?11 m2/N, and has an in-plane retardation (nx2?ny2)d2 in the range of 90 nm to 160 nm, a slow axis of the optical compensation layer (1) makes an angle of 10° to 30° with an absorption axis of the polarizing plate, and a slow axis of the optical compensation layer (2) makes an angle of 75° to 95° with the absorption axis of the polarizing plate.

Abstract: A retardation plate characterized by being obtained by laminating a homeotropic liquid-crystal film formed from a homeotropic liquid-crystal polymer of the side chain type or from a homeotropic liquid-crystalline composition comprising the side chain type liquid-crystal polymer and a photopolymerizable liquid-crystal compound to a stretched film having a retardation function. In the retardation plate, the retardation in the thickness direction can be regulated to a value in a wide range.

Abstract: An optical film which comprises (i) a substrate without a vertical alignment layer and (ii) a homeotropic alignment liquid crystal film layer formed on the substrate. The homeotropic alignment liquid crystal film layer comprises a homeotropically aligned liquid crystal polymer.

Abstract: The polarizer of invention comprises a zinc-containing polyvinyl alcohol-based film which has been subjected at least to dyeing with an iodine solution containing iodine and potassium iodide, wherein the polarizer has a value of zinc content (% by weight)/potassium content (% by weight) of from 0.05 to 0.4, and a potassium content of from 0.2 to 12% by weight, and a value of zinc content (% by weight)/iodine content (% by weight) of from 0.012 to less than 0.05, and an iodine content of from 1 to 20% by weight. The polarizer can achieve high resistance to humidity.

Abstract: An optical film which comprises (i) a substrate without a vertical alignment layer and (ii) a homeotropic alignment liquid crystal film layer formed on the substrate. The homeotropic alignment liquid crystal film layer comprises a homeotropically aligned liquid crystal polymer.

Abstract: An optical film in which at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer (1) and a retardation layer (2) are laminated, wherein an in-plane retardation of the retardation layer (2): (nx1?ny1)×Dre is 5 nm or less, and a virtual thickness direction retardation: RZch, and a thickness direction retardation: RZre have a relationship of RZre/(?RZch)=0.05 through 0.35, can be used as a brightness enhancement film, and further that provides an excellent visibility satisfactory also when observed not only from a front direction but from an oblique direction in image viewing displays, such as liquid crystal displays.