Abstract: The invention reduces generation of particles. An embodiment of the preset invention includes a target holder (6) for holding a target (4), a power source (12) for applying a power to the target holder (6), a substrate holder (7), a first shutter (14) capable of opening and closing between the target (4) and the substrate holder (7), a second shutter (19) located closer to the substrate holder (7) than to the first shutter (14), and capable of opening and closing between the target holder (6) and the substrate holder (7), and a controller (con) for controlling the power source (12) and the first and second shutters (14), (19). The controller (con) applies a first power to the target holder (6) in the state where the first shutter (14) is closed, then opens the first shutter (14), and further applies a second power higher than the first power to the target holder (6) in the state where the second shutter (19) is closed.

Abstract: A powder classifying apparatus for classifying powder that has a granularity distribution and recovering fine powder has: a casing provided with two disc-shaped members and a surrounding wall member, a disc-shaped hollow section for classifying powder using a spinning airflow in the interior thereof being formed on the inner side of the casing; at least one powder supply opening for supplying powder into the disc-shaped hollow section; a discharge section for discharging air including fine powder discharged from the disc-shaped hollow section; a recovery unit formed in the thickness-wise center of the surrounding wall member of the casing and provided with a slit-shaped opening for recovering coarse powder discharged from the disc-shaped hollow section; and two air introduction units provided with a plurality of air introduction devices for introducing air into the disc-shaped hollow section in order to form the rotational airflow inside the disc-shaped hollow section.

Abstract: A control device for an engine includes a variable valve timing mechanism. The control device performs learning a holding control amount of a hydraulic valve when actual valve timing is held at a fixed timing in each of spring and non-spring regions, and an updating. The updating includes updating the control amount for the non-spring region whenever the control amount for the spring region learned drops below the control amount for the non-spring region to satisfy a relationship with the control amount for the non-spring region being less than or equal to the control amount for the spring region, and/or updating the control amount for the spring region whenever the control amount for the non-spring region learned exceeds the control amount for the spring region to satisfy a relationship with the control amount for the spring region being greater than or equal to the control amount for the non-spring region.

Abstract: A method of processing a gallium nitride substrate, includes providing a gallium nitride substrate, polishing a surface of the gallium nitride substrate, and cleaning the polished surface of the gallium nitride substrate. The polished surface includes a GaL?/CK? peak intensity ratio in energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) spectrum which is not less than 2, the EDX spectrum being obtained in an EDX of the surface of the gallium nitride substrate using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at an accelerating voltage of 3 kV.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine includes a controller. The controller controls the relative rotation phase of the exhaust camshaft in accordance with the relative rotation phase of the intake camshaft. When a request for locking the relative rotation phase of the intake camshaft at an intermediate phase is generated, the controller controls the relative rotation phase of the exhaust camshaft such that the relative rotation phase of the exhaust camshaft is changed to a phase corresponding to the intermediate phase independently from the relative rotation phase of the intake camshaft.

Abstract: The invention reduces generation of particles. An embodiment of the preset invention includes a target holder (6) for holding a target (4), a power source (12) for applying a power to the target holder (6), a substrate holder (7), a first shutter (14) capable of opening and closing between the target (4) and the substrate holder (7), a second shutter (19) located closer to the substrate holder (7) than to the first shutter (14), and capable of opening and closing between the target holder (6) and the substrate holder (7), and a controller (con) for controlling the power source (12) and the first and second shutters (14), (19). The controller (con) applies a first power to the target holder (6) in the state where the first shutter (14) is closed, then opens the first shutter (14), and further applies a second power higher than the first power to the target holder (6) in the state where the second shutter (19) is closed.

Abstract: In a variable valve actuation system capable of changing the angle of action of intake valves by using an actuator whose movement range is between a high end and a low end at which the movement of the actuator is mechanically stopped, it is determined that a fixation is present on condition that the actual amount of movement of the actuator in response to a command A for movement toward the low end that is issued when the present movement position of the actuator is unknown is not more than a prescribed movement criterion value a and that the actual amount of movement in response to a command B output subsequently to the command A in order to cause the actuator to operate in a direction opposite to the direction of the movement in response to the command B is not more than a prescribed movement criterion value b.

Abstract: A gallium nitride substrate includes a plurality of physical level differences in a surface thereof. All the physical level differences existing in the surface have a dimension of not more than 4 ?m. A relationship of (H?L)/H×100?80 is satisfied in all the physical level differences, where H represents a higher value of cathodoluminescence emission intensities of a wavelength corresponding to a bandgap of the gallium nitride substrate, and L represents a lower value of the cathodoluminescence emission intensities, the cathodoluminescence emission intensities being measured in an upper step and a lower step of the physical level difference.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus, including: a recording device; discharge trays; a discharge mechanism; detectors; an input device through which is inputted authentication information relating to image data; and a controller including: an image-data reception portion; an authentication-information confirming portion to make a confirmation as to whether the authentication information contains specific information; a confirmation-necessity judging portion to judge whether the confirmation by the confirming portion with respect to the image data is necessary; a selecting portion to select one discharge tray on which the recording medium is not placed, wherein, where the judging portion judges that the confirmation is necessary, the controller permits selection of the one discharge tray, controls the recording device to record the image based on the image data after the confirmation that the authentication information contains the specific information, and controls the discharge mechanism to discharge, to the select

Abstract: A gallium nitride substrate includes a plurality of physical level differences in a surface thereof. All the physical level differences existing in the surface have a dimension of not more than 4 ?m. A relationship of (H?L)/H×100?80 is satisfied in all the physical level differences, where H represents a higher value of cathodoluminescence emission intensities of a wavelength corresponding to a bandgap of the gallium nitride substrate, and L represents a lower value of the cathodoluminescence emission intensities, the cathodoluminescence emission intensities being measured in an upper step and a lower step of the physical level difference.

Abstract: In a variable valve actuation system capable of changing the angle of action of intake valves by using an actuator whose movement range is between a high end and a low end at which the movement of the actuator is mechanically stopped, it is determined that a fixation is present on condition that the actual amount of movement of the actuator in response to a command A for movement toward the low end that is issued when the present movement position of the actuator is unknown is not more than a prescribed movement criterion value a and that the actual amount of movement in response to a command B output subsequently to the command A in order to cause the actuator to operate in a direction opposite to the direction of the movement in response to the command B is not more than a prescribed movement criterion value b.

Abstract: A gallium nitride substrate that a GaL?/CK? peak intensity ratio in EDX spectrum is not less than 2. The EDX spectrum is obtained in energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) of a surface of the gallium nitride substrate using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at an accelerating voltage of 3 kV.

Abstract: An electronic control unit that controls a variable operation angle mechanism that varies an operation angle of an intake valve reduces an operation angle of the intake valve to a normal startup operation angle after first maintaining the operation angle of the intake valve at a high temperature restart operation angle that is larger than the normal startup operation angle for a predetermined period of time after an engine is stopped.

Abstract: In a method of producing a cold-rolled steel sheet being excellent in not only the phosphate treatability but also the corrosion resistance after coating under severe corrosion environment such as hot salt water immersion test or composite cycle corrosion test, a continuously annealed steel sheet after cold rolling preferably including 0.5-3.0 mass % of Si is pickled to remove a Si-containing oxide layer on a surface layer of the steel sheet and further repickled so that a surface covering ratio of an iron-based oxide on the surface of the steel sheet is not more than 40% and preferably a maximum thickness of the iron-based oxide is not more than 150 nm, as well as a cold-rolled steel sheet produced by this method and a member for automobile using the cold-rolled steel sheet.

Abstract: In a method of producing a cold-rolled steel sheet being excellent in not only the phosphate treatability but also the corrosion resistance after coating under severe corrosion environment such as hot salt water immersion test or composite cycle corrosion test, a continuously annealed steel sheet after cold rolling is pickled with a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid having a nitric acid concentration of more than 100 g/L but not more than 200 g/L and a ratio R (HCl/HNO3) of hydrochloric acid concentration to nitric acid concentration of 0.01-0.25 to remove Si-containing oxide formed on the steel sheet surface by continuous annealing, and a ratio of covering the surface of the steel sheet with an iron-based oxide formed by the pickling is not more than 85% and preferably a maximum thickness of the iron-based oxide existing on the surface of the steel sheet is not more than 200 nm.

Abstract: In a control apparatus and a control method for a variable mechanism, when a predetermined condition is fulfilled, a movable member (3) is driven until an engagement portion (31) contacts one restriction member (22), and the absolute position of the movable member (3) when it is determined that displacement of the movable member (3) is stopped is learned, as a reference position. When supply of electric power is stopped, the absolute position of the movable member (3) is learned as an initial reference position. When electric power is supplied, the movable member (3) is driven from the initial reference position until the engagement portion (31) contacts the one restriction member (22), and a one-side displacement amount is calculated. If the one-side displacement amount is smaller than a one-side distance, it is determined that a foreign substance is caught in an area on a side of a site corresponding to the one restriction member (22) in a movable range.

Abstract: An electronic control unit that controls a variable operation angle mechanism that varies an operation angle of an intake valve reduces an operation angle of the intake valve to a normal startup operation angle after first maintaining the operation angle of the intake valve at a high temperature restart operation angle that is larger than the normal startup operation angle for a predetermined period of time after an engine is stopped.

Abstract: A droplet ejection device includes a first determining unit that determines a first amount of liquid on an image pixel basis based on both a second amount and an ejection pattern both obtained from image data, actuator that ejects the first amount of the liquid, a second determining unit that determines a third amount of treating agent on an image pixel basis based on a difference between the first and second amounts, such that a density of the liquid corresponding to a combination of the first amount of the liquid and the third amount of the treating agent comes closer to a density of the liquid corresponding to the second amount of the liquid when there is a difference between the first and second amounts, and a treating-agent application member that applies the third amount of the treating agent to a recording medium.

Abstract: To improve an adhesion to a substrate holder, and improve a device production yield by uniformizing a temperature distribution in a surface of a substrate and uniformizing characteristics such as a film thickness.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus, including: a recording device; discharge trays; a discharge mechanism; detectors; an input device through which is inputted authentication information relating to image data; and a controller including: an image-data reception portion; an authentication-information confirming portion to make a confirmation as to whether the authentication information contains specific information; a confirmation-necessity judging portion to judge whether the confirmation by the confirming portion with respect to the image data is necessary; a selecting portion to select one discharge tray on which the recording medium is not placed, wherein, where the judging portion judges that the confirmation is necessary, the controller permits selection of the one discharge tray, controls the recording device to record the image based on the image data after the confirmation that the authentication information contains the specific information, and controls the discharge mechanism to discharge, to the select