Abstract: A temperature measuring method accurately measures a sheet-like object even when the sheet-like object has an uneven temperature distribution throughout. In this method, temperature measurement is conducted in a measuring area where the sheet-like object is to be measured for its physical quantity or in the vicinity of the measuring area during determination of the physical quantity by a physical quantity measuring device. One or more temperature sensors are located at a position proximal to each sheet-like object that streams in a predetermined direction relative to the temperature sensors, and air is jetted out toward the sheet-like object for creating an air curtain that surrounds each temperature sensor so that a gauge workspace substantially confining the atmosphere therein is defined over one or both of the opposite surfaces of the sheet-like object. The temperature sensors detect the temperature in the measuring area or its vicinity within the gauge workspace.

Abstract: A temperature measuring method is disclosed in which, even when a sheet-like object has an uneven temperature distribution throughout itself, the sheet-like object is measured for temperature with accuracy. In this method, temperature measurement is conducted in a measuring area (S) where the sheet-like object (a) is to be measured for its physical quantity or in the vicinity of the measuring area during determination of the physical quantity by a physical quantity measuring means.

Abstract: There is provided a sheet thickness and swell measurement method and apparatus to calibrate a characteristic map of a reference plane with accuracy and on demand, and to provide a simpler construction of means for creating the characteristic map of the reference plane and means for calibrating the characteristic map. Measurement heads 2 are moved to the width direction of sheet 9, and the thickness of the sheet is measured by the sheet thickness measurement sensors 3 installed in the measurement heads 2. The measured values of the sheet thickness are calibrated by a characteristic map MP of the moving mechanism 4 of the measurement head 2 with respect to the sheet width direction, which has been created in advance. Highly directional electromagnetic waves emitting means is arranged on one side of the main frame 1 for emitting highly directional electromagnetic waves 5a, such as light or beam, which define a reference plane for creating the characteristic map.