Abstract: An encoding apparatus includes the following elements. A prediction picture generation unit is configured to generate a prediction picture using a reference picture. A transmission unit is configured to transmit reference disablement information indicating, for all pictures, whether reference picture specification information for a preceding picture that precedes each of the pictures in encoding order is not to be used as the reference picture specification information for the picture, the reference picture specification information being information specifying the reference picture.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of a transmitter of the invention is provided. The transmitter includes a shaping means and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The shaping means digitally shapes a digital signal. The DAC is arranged to convert the shaped digital signal into an analog signal. The shaping means is arranged to decrease energy at an edge of an in-band portion of a frequency spectrum of the digital signal so as to lower a spectral re-growth of the analog signal happened after the DAC.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing generalized link adaptation in an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access wireless communications network can include determining a number of desired resource blocks (RBs) for each user of a plurality of users; calculating a maximal channel gain Gm for each RB of a plurality of RBs; reordering the plurality of RBs based on the Gm; assigning one of the plurality of RBs to the plurality of users one-by-one according to the reordering of the plurality of RBs; determining a priority list for assigning remaining unassigned RBs; assigning the remaining unassigned RBs to the plurality of users based on the priority list; and mapping a symbol or a packet to each assigned RB.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing generalized link adaptation in an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access wireless communications network can include determining a number of desired resource blocks (RBs) for each user of a plurality of users; calculating a maximal channel gain Gm for each RB of a plurality of RBs; reordering the plurality of RBs based on the Gm; assigning one of the plurality of RBs to the plurality of users one-by-one according to the reordering of the plurality of RBs; determining a priority list for assigning remaining unassigned RBs; assigning the remaining unassigned RBs to the plurality of users based on the priority list; and mapping a symbol or a packet to each assigned RB.