Abstract: In an aspect, there is provided a computer-implemented method for approximating product production in a bioreactor. The method comprises: providing a bioreactor containing live cells in a substrate, the bioreactor for cultivating, over a time period, a product derived from or of the cells during a manufacturing process; providing two or more sensors for measuring respective two or more different physical attributes of the substrate during the time period; receiving, at a processor, sensor data from the two or more sensors; and determining via the processor, based on a predetermined or recursive algorithm that correlates the sensor data and the product production by independent consideration of the sensor data of the two or more different physical attributes or by multivariate consideration of the sensor data of the two or more different physical attributes, an approximate amount of the product.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing non-enveloped viral particles, comprising a step for obtaining a fraction containing non-enveloped viral particles by removing precipitates which are produced in a step for adding a substance which reduces the solubility of proteins under acidic conditions and/or a substance which precipitates under acidic conditions to a neutral or basic sample containing non-enveloped viral particles, and acidifying the sample after the addition of the substance.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing non-enveloped viral particles, comprising a step for obtaining a fraction containing non-enveloped viral particles by removing precipitates which are produced in a step for adding a substance which reduces the solubility of proteins under acidic conditions and/or a substance which precipitates under acidic conditions to a neutral or basic sample containing non-enveloped viral particles, and acidifying the sample after the addition of the substance.