Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method and an apparatus for obtaining a network slice identifier. In the method, a wireless access device receives a first service packet sent by a terminal; the wireless access device obtains a second service packet based on the first service packet, where the second service packet includes the first service packet and a network slice identifier; and the wireless access device sends the second service packet to a forwarding device.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose an application layer traffic optimization ALTO protocol-based communication method and a related apparatus. The method includes: An ALTO server sends first information to an ALTO client according to an ALTO protocol, where the first information indicates one or more network services available in a first network, and the first information is used by a first device associated with the ALTO client to obtain the one or more network services. In embodiments of this application, a network service allocation (or network service exposure) interface is provided according to the ALTO protocol. This improves efficiency of system interconnection between an operator and a service provider, reduces difficulty in exposing a network service by the operator, reduces difficulty of network service rollout, and improves timeliness of network service rollout.

Abstract: This application provides a method for obtaining an application-aware networking identifier and a related device. The method includes: A second device configured to manage an application-aware networking identifier resource sends a first message to a first device, where the first message includes a first application-aware networking identifier. After receiving the first message, the first device includes the first application-aware networking identifier in a sent first packet, to indicate application information to which the first packet belongs.

Abstract: A packet sending method, apparatus, and system are disclosed, and related to the communications field. The method includes: A first device receives a first packet including a network identifier of a virtual local area network and an original packet. The first device obtains a first identifier based on an identifier of the second host and the network identifier, where the first identifier is used to identify a second device, a segment routing over internet protocol version 6 (SRv6) tunnel exists between the first device and the second device, the first identifier includes an indication identifier used to indicate the second device to convert a format of a packet forwarded through the SRv6 tunnel into a format of a packet forwarded through a first network virtualization over layer 3 (NVO3) tunnel. The first device sends an SRv6 packet including the first identifier and the original packet to the second device through the SRv6 tunnel.

Abstract: This application discloses a communication method, and relates to the communications field. In the method, a fixed mobile interworking function (FMIF) receives an access request message that carries first authentication information of a fixed network device and that is sent by a broadband network gateway (BNG), where the first authentication information is generated by the BNG based on a dial-up packet sent by the fixed network device, and the first authentication information includes an identifier of the fixed network device. The FMIF encapsulates the first authentication message in a message format supported by a control plane interface between the FMIF and a core network device, to obtain a second authentication message; and the FMIF sends the second authentication message to the core network device through the control plane interface. The core network device performs authentication on the fixed network device based on the second authentication message.

Abstract: A packet processing method includes determining, by a node in a first network, a transmission path for a packet, where the transmission path includes a path in the first network and a path traversing a second network; adding, by the node, path information to the packet based on the transmission path, where the path information includes traversal indication information, and the traversal indication information indicates an ingress node in the second network to encapsulate and transmit the packet based on an egress node that is specified in the traversal indication information and that is located in the second network; and sending, by the node to the ingress node in the second network through the first network, the packet to which the traversal indication information is added.

Abstract: An operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) method includes a first network device determines OAM configuration information of a target application, where the OAM configuration information includes an OAM measurement manner, and the first network device forwards the OAM configuration information to a second network device.

Abstract: A packet processing method and apparatus, and a communication system are provided, and belong to the field of communication technologies. The method includes: After receiving an IPv6 packet including a first DOH, an intermediate node parses the first DOH based on a first policy, to obtain first information carried in the first DOH, and processes the IPv6 packet based on the first information. The IPv6 packet includes an RH and the first DOH is located after the RH, or the IPv6 packet does not include an RH. In this application, an intermediate node that performs parsing to obtain information carried in an IPv6 extension header may be flexibly specified, to resolve a problem that a parsing rule of an extension header of an existing IPv6 packet is not flexible enough. This application is used for packet processing.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method and an apparatus for obtaining a network slice identifier. In the method, a wireless access device receives a first service packet sent by a terminal; the wireless access device obtains a second service packet based on the first service packet, where the second service packet includes the first service packet and a network slice identifier; and the wireless access device sends the second service packet to a forwarding device.

Abstract: A transport network slice subset management entity is configured to provide an NSSMF of a TN, wherein the transport network slice subset management entity is configured to receive from or send messages to a network slice management entity and to provide configuration information to entities of a transport network. A method for interfacing with a transport network slice subset management entity, comprises the steps receiving, from a request originator, a message comprising a request relating to a network slice subset instance, updating a network slice database of a transport network, according to said request and configuring an entity of a transport network according to said request. A network slice management entity configured to provide an NSMF is configured to send messages to or receive messages from a transport network slice subset management entity.

Abstract: A packet processing method implements a QoS guarantee. The method includes: obtaining a flow identification based on packet attribute information and a flow matching rule, generating a flow policy that includes a correspondence between the flow identification and a flow behavior, determining a forwarding path of a packet including the packet attribute information, sending the flow matching rule to an ingress device of the forwarding path, and sending the flow policy to a first network device on the forwarding path. The ingress device adds the flow identification to the packet including the packet attribute information, and sends the packet. The first network device receives the packet including the flow identification, obtains the flow behavior from the flow policy based on the flow identification, and processes the packet in a packet processing mode corresponding to the flow behavior.

Abstract: A packet sending method includes: A first device obtains geographical location information of the first device, and generates a first Internet Protocol version 6 IPv6 packet, where the first IPv6 packet carries the geographical location information of the first device; and the first device sends the first IPv6 packet.

Abstract: This application discloses a capability obtaining method, apparatus, and system, a capability information sending method and apparatus, and a storage medium, and belongs to the communication field. The method includes: A first device receives a first packet, where the first packet includes first capability information, and the first capability information indicates a processing capability of a first network device for an option in a packet header of an internet protocol version 6 IPv6 packet; and the first device determines the processing capability of the first network device based on the first capability information.

Abstract: A method, in which a first network device obtains a first service packet and a plurality of flow specification FlowSpec rule groups, where any FlowSpec rule group in the plurality of FlowSpec rule groups indicates a rule set for processing a service packet, and different FlowSpec rule groups correspond to different priorities. The first network device determines a target FlowSpec rule group, where the target FlowSpec rule group is a FlowSpec rule group in the plurality of FlowSpec rule groups that successfully matches the first service packet and that has the highest priority. The first network device processes the first service packet according to the target FlowSpec rule group. A service packet is processed according to a FlowSpec rule group, so that processing efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: This application provides a terminal identification method and an apparatus, and relates to the communications field. The terminal identification method includes: a communications device generates and sends a data packet; and after receiving the data packet, a network device determines, based on terminal information included in an internet protocol (IP) packet header of the data packet, a terminal type of a terminal corresponding to the terminal information.

Abstract: A method for providing a service for a traffic flow includes a network device receives a first packet; and when a packet feature of the first packet matches a packet feature of the traffic flow, the network device encapsulates an indication identifier of the traffic flow into the first packet to obtain a second packet, and sends the second packet. The second packet is an Internet Protocol (IP) version 6 (IPv6) packet or a Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS packet. The indication identifier indicates the service provided for the traffic flow.

Abstract: A watchcase with a detachable bezel and a watch thereof are provided. The bezel is detachably installed on an upper end of the watchcase, the watchcase including at least two clamping members, and the bezel including at least two slots corresponding to engage with the at least two clamping members, each of the at least two clamping members including a clamping portion, an elastic member applied to lock the clamping portion in the corresponding slot, and an operation member connected to the clamping portion and controlling the clamping portion to move so as to the clamping portion detach from the slot. The improved bezel can detachably connect to the watchcase by the clamping member, which is highly applicable without being limited to circular watchcases, so that irregular watchcases such as square watchcases and barrel-shaped watchcases can also be used without needing other tools to disassembly and assembly the watchcase.

Abstract: This application provides a terminal identification method and an apparatus, and relates to the communications field. The terminal identification method includes: a communications device generates and sends a data packet; and after receiving the data packet, a network device determines, based on terminal information included in an internet protocol (IP) packet header of the data packet, a terminal type of a terminal corresponding to the terminal information.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method and an apparatus for obtaining a network slice identifier. In the method, a wireless access device receives a first service packet sent by a terminal; the wireless access device obtains a second service packet based on the first service packet, where the second service packet includes the first service packet and a network slice identifier; and the wireless access device sends the second service packet to a forwarding device.

Abstract: A packet forwarding method and apparatus, and a communication network, related to the field of communication technologies. In the solutions provided, a controller may obtain a correspondence between an application-aware identifier of a service flow and a network service required for transmitting the service flow, and deliver the correspondence to a network device. Further, when identifying the service flow as a service flow indicated by the application-aware identifier, the network device may directly forward a packet of the service flow by using the corresponding network service. The controller may establish and deliver the correspondence between the application-aware identifier and the network service, so that the network device can directly forward the service packet of the service flow based on the correspondence. Therefore, flexibility of forwarding the service packet is effectively improved.