Abstract: A control apparatus for PI-controlling a control input value to a control object on the basis of a difference between a target value to the control object and an output value from the control object, the control apparatus includes an estimation part that estimates an amount of deviation in a control model, in which a differential of an output value of the control object including measurement noise is defined by the control input value and an amount of deviation of the output value of the control object from an output value of a normative model, by means of a Kalman filter composed of a state space model, a calculation part that obtains the control input value on the basis of the estimated amount of deviation, a proportional gain, and an integral gain, and an adjustment part that adjusts a parameter for setting a Kalman gain of the Kalman filter.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle system includes a refrigeration cycle apparatus, an operation signal transmitter, a detection unit, a notification unit, and a processing unit. The refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a refrigerant circuit. The operation signal transmitter transmits an operation signal for the refrigeration cycle apparatus. The detection unit detects leakage of a refrigerant. The notification unit notifies of leakage of the refrigerant by emitting at least one of sound and light in a case in which the detection unit has detected leakage of the refrigerant. The processing unit causes the notification unit to execute test behavior of emitting at least one of sound and light in a case in which the operation signal transmitter transmits the operation signal to the refrigeration cycle apparatus.

Abstract: A refrigerant leakage notifying device includes a refrigerant sensor, a determination unit, a notification unit, and an output unit. The refrigerant sensor detects a refrigerant and outputs a detection signal according to a detection result. The determination unit receives the detection signal outputted from the refrigerant sensor and determines leakage of the refrigerant in accordance with the detection signal received. The notification unit notifies leakage of the refrigerant with at least one of sound and light in a case in which the determination unit has determined that the refrigerant is leaking. The output unit is provided separately from the refrigerant sensor. The output unit outputs a test signal to the determination unit. The test signal is a signal that the determination unit has determined that the refrigerant is leaking in a case in which the determination unit receives the signal.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system includes: an air conditioner including a refrigerant circuit formed by connecting an outdoor unit and a plurality of indoor units together, the air conditioner being configured to condition air in a plurality of indoor spaces; at least one countermeasure device provided in correspondence with at least one of the plurality of indoor spaces and configured to operate during leakage of a refrigerant; a plurality of detectors configured to detect a concentration of the refrigerant, at least one of the detectors being provided in each of the plurality of indoor spaces; and a control unit configured to operate all of the at least one countermeasure device if at least one of the concentrations of the refrigerant respectively detected by the plurality of detectors exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system includes: an air conditioner including a refrigerant circuit formed by connecting an outdoor unit and a plurality of indoor units together, the air conditioner being configured to condition air in a plurality of indoor spaces; at least one countermeasure device provided in correspondence with at least one of the plurality of indoor spaces and configured to operate during leakage of a refrigerant; a plurality of detectors configured to detect a concentration of the refrigerant, at least one of the detectors being provided in each of the plurality of indoor spaces; and a control unit configured to operate all of the at least one countermeasure device if at least one of the concentrations of the refrigerant respectively detected by the plurality of detectors exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: An air conditioner has a refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant circulates and a controller, and is configured to condition air in an indoor space. A countermeasure device is provided against leakage of the refrigerant to the indoor space. A detector is configured to detect a concentration of the refrigerant in the indoor space. A first relay is connected to the controller and the countermeasure device. The controller closes the first relay when the concentration of the refrigerant detected by the detector exceeds a predetermined allowable concentration. The countermeasure device operates when the first relay is closed.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system includes: an air conditioner including a refrigerant circuit formed by connecting an outdoor unit and a plurality of indoor units together, the air conditioner being configured to condition air in a plurality of indoor spaces; at least one countermeasure device provided in correspondence with at least one of the plurality of indoor spaces and configured to operate during leakage of a refrigerant; a plurality of detectors configured to detect a concentration of the refrigerant, at least one of the detectors being provided in each of the plurality of indoor spaces; and a control unit configured to operate all of the at least one countermeasure device if at least one of the concentrations of the refrigerant respectively detected by the plurality of detectors exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, a hydrogen production apparatus includes a hydrogen production mechanism configured to produce a hydrogen gas from a raw material by using a catalyst; and an operation control circuit configured to input a parameter value as an index indicating a state of the catalyst, and configured to control an operation maximum load of the hydrogen production mechanism to be variable in correspondence with the parameter value.

Abstract: A refrigerant leakage notifying device includes a refrigerant sensor, a determination unit, a notification unit, and an output unit. The refrigerant sensor detects a refrigerant and outputs a detection signal according to a detection result. The determination unit receives the detection signal outputted from the refrigerant sensor and determines leakage of the refrigerant in accordance with the detection signal received. The notification unit notifies leakage of the refrigerant with at least one of sound and light in a case in which the determination unit has determined that the refrigerant is leaking. The output unit is provided separately from the refrigerant sensor. The output unit outputs a test signal to the determination unit. The test signal is a signal that the determination unit has determined that the refrigerant is leaking in a case in which the determination unit receives the signal.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle system includes a refrigeration cycle apparatus, an operation signal transmitter, a detection unit, a notification unit, and a processing unit. The refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a refrigerant circuit. The operation signal transmitter transmits an operation signal for the refrigeration cycle apparatus. The detection unit detects leakage of a refrigerant. The notification unit notifies of leakage of the refrigerant by emitting at least one of sound and light in a case in which the detection unit has detected leakage of the refrigerant. The processing unit causes the notification unit to execute test behavior of emitting at least one of sound and light in a case in which the operation signal transmitter transmits the operation signal to the refrigeration cycle apparatus.

Abstract: A hydrogen gas inventory acquisition system configured to acquire an inventory of a hydrogen gas in a plurality of off-site hydrogen stations, includes a log data creation device configured to create log data obtained by recording each parameter data sampled at an individual sampling timing set to each hydrogen station of the plurality of off-site hydrogen stations in combination with identification information of each of the plurality of off-site hydrogen stations from a plurality of parameter data measured by a plurality of meters disposed in the each hydrogen station to calculate an inventory of the hydrogen gas in the each hydrogen station; an inventory calculation device configured to calculate the inventory of the hydrogen gas at an individual calculation timing set to the each hydrogen station by using the log data; and a sorting device configured to acquire inventory data of the hydrogen gas in the each hydrogen station.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer electrolyte fuel cell capable of eliminating condensate water, and preventing flooding due to an excessively humidified electrode by a simple structure and easy processing composition. A fuel cell comprising a plurality of stacked cells where separators having respectively a fuel gas passage or an oxidant gas passage formed on the surface thereof are opposed to a fuel electrode or an air electrode and an electrolyte membrane is arranged between the fuel electrode and the air electrode, in which a drainage means is disposed downstream the middle of the fuel gas passage or oxidant gas passage. In addition, a temperature adjustment means for adjusting the temperature of the fuel or the oxidant is provided at least at one point in the path from the supply inlet to the discharge exit of at least one passage of fuel electrode side or the air electrode side.

Abstract: The disclosure is concerned with an electron microscope comprising a casing for encasing an assembly and a display disposed to the casing. The assembly comprises a vacuum container, a vacuum pump for evacuating the vacuum container, an electron emitter disposed at the upper position of the vacuum vessel, a sample chamber disposed at the lower position of the vacuum container and capable of projecting from the casing and a detector for detecting an electron beam emitted from a sample placed in the sample chamber.

Abstract: The disclosure is concerned with an electron microscope comprising a casing for encasing an assembly and a display disposed to the casing. The assembly comprises a vacuum container, a vacuum pump for evacuating the vacuum container, an electron emitter disposed at the upper position of the vacuum vessel, a sample chamber disposed at the lower position of the vacuum container and capable of projecting from the casing and a detector for detecting an electron beam emitted from a sample placed in the sample chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid polymer type fuel cell capable of eliminating condensate water, and preventing flooding due to an excessively humidified electrode by a simple structure and easy processing composition.

Abstract: A fuel cell is provided that includes a polymer electrolyte membrane having a cathode and a gas diffusion layer arranged in this order on one surface, and an anode and another gas diffusion layer arranged in this order on its other surface. Recently, various methods of retaining moisture produced near the cathode have been adopted to ensure proper humidification and ion conductivity within the membrane. However, under certain operating conditions, conventional fuel cells allow excessive amounts of moisture to evaporate and escape into the oxidizing gas, causing the membrane to dry up. This fuel cell was designed to solve such problems by including a first and second layer within the cathode-side gas diffusion layer. The first layer is in contact with the cathode, and the second layer, which is thicker than the first layer, is the layer along which oxidizing gas is distributed and through which oxidizing gas is passed.

Abstract: The reproducing device is prevented from being taken out because the reproducing device becomes controllable by operation of the device only when a visitor who borrowed the reproducing device enters through a specified entrance and that the reproducing device becomes uncontrollable by operation of the device when the visitor has come out of the exit. When a receiving means of the reproducing device receives an ID code signal for enabling control by a command from an operation means of the device, the reproducing device becomes controllable by a command from the operation means. When the receiving means receives another ID code signal for disabling control by a command from the operation means, control by a command from the operation means is disabled and a reproducing means of the reproducing device outputs voice information requesting a return of the device.