Abstract: The present invention provides a reverse mode light valve containing ABX3 perovskite particles; more specifically is related to a light valve containing halide ABX3 perovskite particles that can control light transmittance. This light control valve has the property of higher light transmittance when the power is turned off (OFF state) and lower light transmittance when the power is turned on (ON state). In the halide ABX3 perovskite particles, A is at least one of Cs+, CH3NH3+, and Rb+, B is at least one of Pb2+, Ge2+, and Sn2+, and X is at least one of Cl?, Br?, and I?. This halide ABX3 perovskite particles were suspended in a liquid suspension to make a light valve with a light transmittance control. This light valve performs well and opens up a completely new field of application for ABX3 perovskite materials.

Abstract: A light valve containing ABX3 perovskite particles (200) suspended in a liquid suspension (300) that can control light transmittance is provided. The preferable ABX3 perovskite particles (200) are halide ABX3 perovskite particles wherein A is at least one of Cs+, CH3NH3+, and Rb+, B is at least one of Pb2+, Ge2+, and Sn2+, and X is at least one of Cl?, Br?, and I?. Use of the light valve in the manufacture of a light control device and a method of controlling light transmittance by using the light valve are also provided.

Abstract: A double-switching heater includes a double-switching PTC ink deposited on a substrate to form one or more resistors. The double-switching PTC ink has a first resin that provides a first PTC effect at a first temperature range and a second resin that provides a second PTC effect at a second temperature range, where the second temperature range is higher than the first temperature range. The substrate may be a flexible substrate or a rigid substrate, and may bedeformable to generate a three-dimensional structure. The substrate may be: polyester, polyimide, polyamide, polypropylene, thermoplastic polyurethane, fiberglass, cement board, carbon composite materials, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, aluminum, steel, glass composite, molded plastic, high-density polyethylene or styrene ethylene butylene styrene.

Abstract: An electrically conductive screen-printable PTC ink composition with low inrush current and high NTC onset temperature, consisting of at least two different polymers, polymer-1 and polymer-2; wherein the melting temperature difference between polymer-1 and polymer-2 must be greater than 50° C., and the mechanical strength of polymer-1 as expressed by Young's modulus must be greater than 200 MPa.

Abstract: A printed circuit that comprises a substrate, electrical interconnects and a double-resin ink having a positive temperature coefficient (PTC), wherein the double-resin ink has a resistance magnification of at least 20 in a temperature range of at least 20 degrees Celsius above a switching temperature of the double-resin ink, the resistance magnification being defined as a ratio between a resistance of the double-resin ink at a temperature ‘T’ and a resistance of the double-resin ink at 25 degrees Celsius. The substrate is a fabric or mesh, while the double-resin ink and the electrical interconnects are deposited onto the substrate.

Abstract: Provided herein is a modified Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) compound and a light valve device using the modified POSS compound. The modified POSS compound is a liquid compound synthesized via hydroxyl condensation among a component I, a component II and a component III; wherein the component I is a POSS monomer having at least one hydroxyl; the component II is a dihydroxyl-terminated crosslinkable monomer or oligomer; the component III is a dihydroxyl-terminated non-crosslinkable monomer or oligomer. The light valve device being capable of electronically changing its light transmittance is made by sandwiching a light control layer between two transparent electroconductive substrate layers. The light control layer is made by a solid polymeric matrix containing modified POSS compound. The solid polymeric matrix is formed by solidifying of a modified POSS compound under ultraviolet irradiation or heating.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrically conductive and optically transparent copper-reduced graphene oxide core-shell nanowires film and its specific application for light transmission controlling devices.

Abstract: An electrically conductive screen-printable PTC ink composition with low inrush current and high NTC onset temperature, consisting of at least two different polymers, polymer-1 and polymer-2; wherein the melting temperature difference between polymer-1 and polymer-2 must be greater than 50° C., and the mechanical strength of polymer-1 as expressed by Young's modulus must be greater than 200 MPa.

Abstract: A thermal substrate that comprises a high-resistance magnification (HRM) positive-temperature coefficient (PTC) ink and a substrate, wherein the HRM PTC ink has a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) and a resistance magnification of at least 15 in a temperature range of at least 20 degrees Celsius above a switching temperature of the HRM PTC ink.

Abstract: An electrically conductive screen-printable PTC ink composition with low inrush current and high NTC onset temperature, consisting of at least two different polymers, polymer-1 and polymer-2; wherein the melting temperature difference between polymer-1 and polymer-2 must be greater than 50° C., and the mechanical strength of polymer-1 as expressed by Young's modulus must be greater than 200 MPa.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plastic article containing suspended photochromic dye molecules, and the said suspended photochromic dye molecules suspended in liquid micro-droplets of a suspension medium, and the said micro-droplets of the said suspension medium containing the said suspended photochromic dye molecules are embedded inside a solid polymer matrix, and the said solid polymer matrix is formed by polymerization of liquid polymer precursors. The invented structure of a plastic article containing suspended photochromic dye molecules exhibits fast response time and enhances photochromic performance.

Abstract: The invention provides a mechanically flexible, electrically conductive, and optically transparent silver nanowire film and demonstrates its specific application in light transmission controlling devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides quantum dots-integrated inorganic-organic hybrid nanorods and the method to make such nanohybrids. It also provides a method to assemble light transmission controlling devices using the nanohybrids provided in this invention. In this invention, the developed nanohybrids for particular light controlling devices, more specifically SPDs have been disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides quantum dots-integrated inorganic-organic hybrid nanorods and the method to make such nanohybrids. It also provides a method to assemble light transmission controlling devices using the nanohybrids provided in this invention. In this invention, the developed nanohybrids for particular light controlling devices, more specifically SPDs have been disclosed.

Abstract: Provided herein is an improved organic-inorganic hybrid polymeric matrix for use in light valve devices and a process to make the same. The disclosed polymer contains organic-inorganic bulky groups in the polymer backbone or as endcap group and has a general formula: wherein: A is a bulk group, comprising at least one Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) compounds of Formula-1, where R1 to R8 are substitutes independently selected from hydroxyl, halide atom, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons serving as a positional anchor for the polymer. B is a cross-linkable group includes at least one silicon-containing cross-linkable monomer. C represents any non-cross-linkable silicon monomer or oligomer and a combination of both monomer and oligomer and x, y, z are positive integers, where x, y, z is equal or greater than 1. These integers determine the configuration of such a hybrid organic-inorganic polymer system as expressed in the above formula.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light valve containing ABX3 perovskite particles; more specifically is related to a light valve containing halide ABX3 perovskite particles that can control light transmittance. The preferable halide ABX3 perovskite particles in this invention consist of A being at least one of Cs+, CH3NH3+, and Rb+, B being at least one of Pb2+, Ge2+, and Sn2+, and X being at least one of Cl?, Br?, and I?. This kind of halide ABX3 perovskite particles were suspended in a liquid suspension to make a light valve with a light transmittance control, which discloses a completely new application for ABX3 perovskite materials.

Abstract: A double-switching heater includes a double-switching PTC ink deposited on a substrate to form one or more resistors. The double-switching PTC ink has a first resin that provides a first PTC effect at a first temperature range and a second resin that provides a second PTC effect at a second temperature range, where the second temperature range is higher than the first temperature range. The substrate may be a flexible substrate or a rigid substrate, and may bedeformable to generate a three-dimensional structure. The substrate may be: polyester, polyimide, polyamide, polypropylene, thermoplastic polyurethane, fiberglass, cement board, carbon composite materials, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, aluminum, steel, glass composite, molded plastic, high-density polyethylene or styrene ethylene butylene styrene.

Abstract: A double-switching heater includes a double-switching PTC ink deposited on a substrate to form one or more resistors. The double-switching PTC ink has a first resin that provides a first PTC effect at a first temperature range and a second resin that provides a second PTC effect at a second temperature range, where the second temperature range is higher than the first temperature range. The substrate may be a flexible substrate or a rigid substrate, and may bedeformable to generate a three-dimensional structure. The substrate may be: polyester, polyimide, polyamide, polypropylene, thermoplastic polyurethane, fiberglass, cement board, carbon composite materials, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, aluminum, steel, glass composite, molded plastic, high-density polyethylene or styrene ethylene butylene styrene.

Abstract: The invention provides a new method to make suspension particle display based light valve, wherein the SPD device is assembled by stacking two separate parts together. The invented method reduces the photoinitiator amount required and thus reduce the degradation of the SPD performance.

Abstract: A thermal substrate that comprises a high-resistance magnification (HRM) positive-temperature coefficient (PTC) ink and a substrate, wherein the HRM PTC ink has a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) and a resistance magnification of at least 15 in a temperature range of at least 20 degrees Celsius above a switching temperature of the HRM PTC ink.