Abstract: A heat exchange flow passage 21 comprises a plurality of annular flow passages arranged in parallel to each other and also communicated to each other in the circumferential direction, a plurality of inflow ports and a plurality of outflow ports provided in the annular flow passage 24 at positions displaced from each other in the circumferential direction, and a plurality of communication pipes 25 each communicating the inflow port and the outflow port provided in different annular flow passages 24, 24. A fluid feed pipe 22 and a fluid discharge pipe 23 are communicated to this heat exchange flow passage 21 to form a heat exchanging apparatus.

Abstract: A heat exchange flow passage 21 comprises a plurality of annular flow passages arranged in parallel to each other and also communicated to each other in the circumferential direction, a plurality of inflow ports and a plurality of outflow ports provided in the annular flow passage 24 at positions displaced from each other in the circumferential direction, and a plurality of communication pipes 25 each communicating the inflow port and the outflow port provided in different annular flow passages 24, 24. A fluid feed pipe 22 and a fluid discharge pipe 23 are communicated to this heat exchange flow passage 21 to form a heat exchanging apparatus.

Abstract: This is a minus ion generating apparatus by which cluster ions in which minus ions and plus ions are mixed can be readily and largely fabricated and only minus ions can be separated and used. The apparatus is characterized in that a spray nozzle is connected to a gas-and-liquid separator. In order to more effectively generate the minus ions, the minus ion generating apparatus comprises a mixing flow path, a supplying flow path for fluid and a discharging flow path for fluid which are in communication with the mixing flow path. The mixing flow path comprises plural circular flow paths that are arranged in parallel and that are communicated in a radial direction; plural inlets and plural outlets formed in circular flow paths, so that the location of the inlets and the location of the outlets are mutually different in a radial direction; plural communicating flow paths by which the inlets formed in one circular flow path communicates with the outlets formed in another circular flow.

Abstract: This is a minus ion generating apparatus by which cluster ions in which minus ions and plus ions are mixed can be readily and largely fabricated and only minus ions can be separated and used. The apparatus is characterized in that a spray nozzle is connected to a gas-and-liquid separator. In order to more effectively generate the minus ions, the minus ion generating apparatus comprises a mixing flow path, a supplying flow path for fluid and a discharging flow path for fluid which are in communication with the mixing flow path. The mixing flow path comprises plural circular flow paths that are arranged in parallel and that are communicated in a radial direction; plural inlets and plural outlets formed in circular flow paths, so that the location of the inlets and the location of the outlets are mutually different in a radial direction; plural communicating flow paths by which the inlets formed in one circular flow path communicates with the outlets formed in another circular flow.

Abstract: A heat exchanging apparatus is capable of efficiently heat exchanging a large quantity of fluids and whose construction can be simplified. A heat exchanging flowpassage (10) is arranged internally of a heat exchanging vessel to and from which a liquefied nitrogen as a heat transfer medium is supplied and discharged. The heat exchanging flowpassage (10) has annular tubes (18) arranged in plural rows, the adjoining annular tubes (18) are communicated at plural locations by communicating tubes (19) at positions deviated in a peripheral direction, and tanks (20) and (21) are communicated with a supply port side and a discharge port side. A supply tube (11) is communicated with the tank (20), and a discharge pipe (12) is communicated with the tank (21).