Abstract: A process for preparing a pyrazolecarboxylic acid compound of the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein Y and Z each represent a hydrogen, a halogen, a nitro, a cyano, COOR.sub.1, NR.sub.1 R.sub.2, CONR.sub.1 R.sub.2, SR.sub.1, SO.sub.2 NR.sub.1 R.sub.2, SO.sub.2 R.sub.3, R.sub.3 CO, OR.sub.4, CHX.sub.2 or CX.sub.3 ; A represents a hydrogen, an alkyl having 2 to 4 carbons, a phenyl, a pyridyl or OR.sub.5 ; where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a hydrogen or an alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; R.sub.3 represents an alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen, an alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, a phenyl, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3 or CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 ; R.sub.5 represents an alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; and X represents a halogen, which comprises oxidizing a pyrazole compound of the formula (I): ##STR2## wherein Y, Z and A have the same meanings as above, by contacting the compound of formula (I) with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a metal catalyst at 20.degree. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for producing substituted benzoic acids represented by General Formula II: ##STR1## wherein Q represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atoms, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --COOH, --COOR.sub.1, --COR.sub.1, --SR.sub.1, --SO.sub.2 R.sub.1 and --OR.sub.2 ; and Y and Z each represents a member selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --COOH, --COOR.sub.1, --COR.sub.1, --SR.sub.1, --SO.sub.2 R.sub.1 and --OR.sub.2 (in which R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a phenyl group which may be substituted), which comprises oxidizing a substituted toluene represented by General Formula I: ##STR2## wherein W represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atoms, --CH.sub.3, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --COOH, --COOR.sub.1, --COR.sub.1, --SR.sub.1, --SO.sub.2 R.sub.1 and --OR.sub.

Abstract: An efficient process of optical resolution is provided for producing an L-amino acid represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H, --CH.sub.2 CONH.sub.2, --CO.sub.2 H or ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The process comprises an optical resolution of an N-substituted carbonyl-D,L-amino acid represented by the formula (II): ##STR3## (wherein R is the same as defined above and R.sup.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing a pyrazolecarboxylic acid derivative represented by the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein Y and Z each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, COOR.sub.1, NR.sub.1 R.sub.2, CONR.sub.1 R.sub.2, SR.sub.1, SO.sub.2 NR.sub.1 R.sub.2, SO.sub.2 R.sub.3, R.sub.3 CO, OR.sub.4, CHX.sub.2 or CX.sub.3 ; A represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl group or OR.sub.5 ; where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3 or CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 ; R.sub.

Abstract: In a process for producing an alcohol by hydroformylation comprises reacting a straight chained, branched or alicyclic mono-olefin having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form an alcohol having carbon atoms greater in number by one than the carbon atoms of the mono-olefin, the improvement comprises(a) a fist step in which the mono-olefin is hydroformylated with use of a cobalt catalyst in the presence of a gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a high temperature under high pressure to selectively form an aldehyde at a conversion of the mono-olefin being from 50 to 95 mol % while suppressing the formation of an alcohol, and the cobalt catalyst is then removed from the unreacted olefin and the formed aldehyde by decomposition or extraction, and(b) a second step in which the mixture of the unreacted mono-olefin and the formed aldehyde freed from the cobalt catalyst in the first step is reacted with a gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with use of a cobalt organopho