Abstract: The present invention describes novel cyclic diol derivatives represented by formula I and II: ##STR1## in which Y represents O, S, SO, SO.sub.2, (CH.sub.2).sub.m wherein m is zero or an integer of 1 to 5, or NR.sup.a group wherein R.sup.a is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl or acyl;R.sup.1 represents an alkyl or alkylcarbamoyl group;R.sup.2 represents a group having formula T--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --V (X.sup.-)q, wherein T refers to a simple covalent bond, a CO, PO.sub.3.sup.-, C(O)O, or CONR.sup.b group wherein R.sup.b is hydrogen, lower alkyl or acyl;n refers to an integer of from 1 to 10;V represents either (i) the group indicated by formula --.sup.+ NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 R.sup.7 wherein R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 stands for identical or different lower alkyl group, or two or three of R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 taken together with the adjacent nitrogen form heterocyclic ammonio group, or (ii) the group indicated by the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.

Abstract: A plane display apparatus in which R, G and B liquid crystal cells are isolated from each other by means of partition walls, and a pair of ITO electrodes are formed on each of the cells and between a pair of substrates, wherein the cells can be arranged either in a matrix form or in a linear form and each pair of the ITO electrodes is supplied with a single voltage, the liquid crystal cells having different driving characteristics respectively.