Abstract: Provided are an organic electrolytic solution and a lithium battery including the organic electrolytic solution, wherein the organic electrolytic solution includes an organic solvent, a lithium salt, a borate compound represented by Formula 1 below, and an ionic metal complex represented by Formula 2 below: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently a hydrogen; a C1-C5 alkyl group substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen; or a C1-C5 cyanoalkyl group substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen, at least one of the R1, R2, and R3 includes a cyanoalkyl group, Me is an element selected from the group consisting of transition metals and Groups 13 to 15 elements of the periodic table, M is a metal ion, a is an integer from 1 to 3, b is an integer from 1 to 3, s=b/a, p is an integer from 0 to 8, q is 0 or 1, r is an integer from 1 to 4, X1 and X2 are each independently O, S, or NR6, R4 and R6 are each independently a halogen, a C1-C5 alkyl group substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen, or a C1-C5 aryl

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery includes a polymer represented by Formula 1 below, wherein a and b are each independently an integer from 1 to 5, and n is an integer from 1 to 1,000. A lithium secondary battery includes the polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: A silicone-containing compound is an additive for a lithium secondary battery electrolyte for improving high-temperature lifetime characteristics and/or high-temperature stability of a lithium secondary battery. An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery includes the silicon-containing compound. A lithium secondary battery includes the electrolyte. A method of preparing the silicon-containing compound is also provided.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery includes a polymer represented by Formula 1 below, wherein a and b are each independently an integer from 1 to 5, and n is an integer from 1 to 1,000. A lithium secondary battery includes the polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: Provided are an organic electrolytic solution and a lithium battery including the organic electrolytic solution, wherein the organic electrolytic solution includes an organic solvent, a lithium salt, a borate compound represented by Formula 1 below, and an ionic metal complex represented by Formula 2 below: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently a hydrogen; a C1-C5 alkyl group substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen; or a C1-C5 cyanoalkyl group substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen, at least one of the R1, R2, and R3 includes a cyanoalkyl group, Me is an element selected from the group consisting of transition metals and Groups 13 to 15 elements of the periodic table, M is a metal ion, a is an integer from 1 to 3, b is an integer from 1 to 3, s=b/a, p is an integer from 0 to 8, q is 0 or 1, r is an integer from 1 to 4, X1 and X2 are each independently O, S, or NR6, R4 and R6 are each independently a halogen, a C1-C5 alkyl group substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen, or a C1-C5 ary

Abstract: A method of recycling a solution, the method including: filtering a solution used in chemical bath deposition; reinflowing the filtered solution to a bath; and inflowing an alkali solution to the bath to maintain a concentration of an alkaline material in the filtered solution in a range of about 1.0 M to about 3.5 M, is disclosed. A solar cell formed by the method and a deposition apparatus are also disclosed. By the method of recycling a solution, a solar cell including a buffer layer formed with a solution which has been used multiple times may be formed to have an efficiency almost the same as that of a solar cell including a buffer layer formed with a solution provided for the first time before filtering.

Abstract: A silicone-containing compound is an additive for a lithium secondary battery electrolyte for improving high-temperature lifetime characteristics and/or high-temperature stability of a lithium secondary battery. An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery includes the silicon-containing compound. A lithium secondary battery includes the electrolyte. A method of preparing the silicon-containing compound is also provided.

Abstract: An electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries includes a lithium salt, a nonaqueous organic solvent, and a compound represented by Formula 1 below as an additive: where R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 in Formula 1 are defined as those specified in the specification.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a dye sensitized solar cell includes lithium perchlorate and 1-methylbenzimidazole, and when the electrolyte is applied to a dye sensitized solar cell, deterioration of lifespan characteristics due to rapid Jsc deterioration is suppressed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a buffer layer for a thin film solar cell includes preparing a reaction solution including an ammonia compound, a zinc source, and a sulfur source at a temperature below 70° C.; and immersing a substrate on which an optical absorption layer is formed in the reaction solution. The concentration of the zinc source in the reaction solution is in the range of about 0.01M to about 0.09M.

Abstract: A deposition apparatus and a method for recycling a solution. The deposition apparatus includes a bath in which a solution used in a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method is filled, a tank in which the solution used in the CBD method is temporarily stored, and a filter unit for filtering the solution stored in the tank to be reused in the CBD method again. Thus, when a buffer layer is formed by the CBD method, the number of times of reusing the solution for forming the buffer layer may be increased.

Abstract: In one aspect, an electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell and a dye-sensitized solar cell including the same are provided.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell includes a redox derivative; and a solvent mixture in which a nitrile-based compound having a C3-C10 linear carbon chain and a sulfoxide-based compound are mixed in a volume ratio of about 1:9 to about 9:1. A dye-sensitized solar cell including the electrolyte may have improved durability and performance such as energy conversion efficiency and light conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A solar cell including a light absorption layer including a p-type compound semiconductor; and a buffer layer including a first buffer layer and a second buffer layer on the light absorption layer, the second buffer layer being between the first buffer layer and light absorption layer, and a zinc sulfide (ZnS) concentration of the first buffer layer being greater than a ZnS concentration of the second buffer layer is disclosed. Methods of manufacturing the solar cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrode for a dye sensitized solar cell, the electrode including platinum having a controlled surface roughness and a specific surface area of platinum, a method of manufacturing the electrode, and a dye sensitized solar cell having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency by including the electrode.

Abstract: A dye for dye-sensitized solar cells includes an organometallic complex represented by M(L)pX2:(Z)q. In the organometallic complex, M is a Group 8 through Group 10 metallic element, L is a bidentate ligand, X is a co-ligand, and Z is a counter-ion. The ratio of the bidentate ligand (L) to the counter-ion (Z) is about 1.1 to about 1.4. A method of preparing an exemplary dye includes mixing the organometallic complex with tetrabutylammonium thiocyanate and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to prepare a solution, and purifying the solution at a pH of about 3.8 to about 4.1. A dye-sensitized solar cell includes a first electrode with a light absorbing layer, a second electrode and an electrolyte between the first and second electrodes. The light absorbing layer includes the dye.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a solar cell comprising a heterogeneous redox couple comprising iodide and a pseudohalogen and a dye-sensitized solar cell including the electrolyte is provided.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell, the electrolyte including an organic solvent; a redox derivative; and an additive including a linear carbon chain, wherein the additive has an ionic or non-ionic neutral functional group located at one or more ends of the linear carbon chain. The viscosity of the high-density electrolyte is reduced, whereby the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is increased, and the leakage of the electrolyte from the dye-sensitized solar cell is prevented. Therefore, a dye-sensitized solar cell including the electrolyte exhibits enhanced durability and efficiency such as in terms of fill factor (FF).

Abstract: A photoelectrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell, the photoelectrode including a coating product of a composition including a metal oxide, an acid, a first additive comprising one or more compounds represented by Formula 1 below, and a second additive comprising one or more compounds represented by Formula 2 below: where in Formula 1, Ra is a C10 to C30 alkyl group, X is a hydrogen atom or —(CH2CH2O)n—Rb, n is an integer of 1 to 20, and Rb is a C10 to C30 alkyl group, and where in Formula 2, Rc is a C10 to C30 alkyl group, and n is an integer of 1 to 20.

Abstract: A gel electrolyte for a dye sensitized solar cell and a dye sensitized solar cell including the gel electrolyte. The gel electrolyte includes: a redox couple generated from a polymer-iodine complex and an iodide salt; inorganic nanoparticles; and a high-viscosity organic solvent.