Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for measurement of flow rate of cerebrospinal fluid in a conduit are provided. The apparatus comprises a heating element mounted on the conduit, the heating element arranged for heating the CSF flowing through the conduit for generating bubbles. The apparatus further comprises two optical sensing devices mounted sequentially on the conduit and downstream from the heating element. The first optical sensing device and the second optical sensing device are separated by a predetermined device interval. Both the first and the second optical sensing devices comprise an optical emitter and an optical detector. The apparatus further comprises a processing device coupled to the optical sensing devices, wherein the signals from the optical sensing devices are transmitted to the processing device for detection of bubbles, resulting in the detection of the flow velocity. The bubble size can be optimized by applying ultrasonic waves or thermal energy.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and system for non-uniform intensity mapping using a high performance enterprise computing system with enhanced precision cooling, enabling extended over-clocking and over-voltage operation. A Kalman filter embedded in the processor predicts and corrects the input data flux for real-time use by taking care of over-clocking and over-voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus for an in-vivo power generation comprises a fuel convertor for converting glucose in a fluid to a hydrogen rich, low carbon fuel such as ethanol or methanol by the action of a bioenzyme on the glucose in the CSF. The fluid can be any one of cerebrospinal fluid, urine and glucose solution. The apparatus further comprises a biofuel cell comprising a cathode chamber and an anode chamber with a membrane assembly sandwiched between them. The membrane assembly comprises a cathode, an anode and a proton exchange membrane. The cathode is coated with an enzyme laccase, which enables extraction of oxygen when the fluid is passed through the cathode chamber. The oxygen from the cathode chamber and the hydrogen in the hydrogen rich fuel from the anode chamber diffuses through the proton exchange membrane and reacts at an ionic level to result in water and electrical power.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and system for non-uniform intensity mapping using a high performance enterprise computing system with enhanced precision cooling, enabling extended over-clocking and over-voltage operation. A Kalman filter embedded in the processor predicts and corrects the input data flux for real-time use by taking care of over-clocking and over-voltage.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for measurement of flow rate of cerebrospinal fluid in a conduit are provided. The apparatus comprises a heating element mounted on the conduit, the heating element arranged for heating the CSF flowing through the conduit for generating bubbles. The apparatus further comprises two optical sensing devices mounted sequentially on the conduit and downstream from the heating element. The first optical sensing device and the second optical sensing device are separated by a predetermined device interval. Both the first and the second optical sensing devices comprise an optical emitter and an optical detector. The apparatus further comprises a processing device coupled to the optical sensing devices, wherein the signals from the optical sensing devices are transmitted to the processing device for detection of bubbles, resulting in the detection of the flow velocity. The bubble size can be optimized by applying ultrasonic waves or thermal energy.

Abstract: An apparatus for an in-vivo power generation comprises a fuel convertor for converting glucose in a fluid to a hydrogen rich, low carbon fuel such as ethanol or methanol by the action of a bioenzyme on the glucose in the CSF. The fluid can be any one of cerebro spinal fluid, urine and glucose solution. The apparatus further comprises a biofuel cell comprising a cathode chamber and an anode chamber with a membrane assembly sandwiched between them. The membrane assembly comprises a cathode, an anode and a proton exchange membrane. The cathode is coated with an enzyme laccase, which enables extraction of oxygen when the fluid is passed through the cathode chamber. The oxygen from the cathode chamber and the hydrogen in the hydrogen rich fuel from the anode chamber diffuses through the proton exchange membrane and reacts at an ionic level to result in water and electrical power.