Abstract: Methods and systems for determining a mapped intensity metric are described. Determining the mapped intensity metric includes determining an intensity metric for a manufacturing system. The intensity metric is determined based on a reflectivity of a location on a substrate and a manufacturing system characteristic. Determining the mapped intensity metric also includes determining a mapped intensity metric for a reference system. The reference system has a reference system characteristic. The mapped intensity metric is determined based on the intensity metric, the manufacturing system characteristic, and the reference system characteristic, to mimic determination of the intensity metric for the manufacturing system using the reference system. In some embodiments, the reference system is virtual, and the manufacturing system is physical.

Abstract: A method, computer program and associated apparatuses for metrology. The method includes determining a reconstruction recipe describing at least nominal values for use in a reconstruction of a parameterization describing a target. The method includes obtaining first measurement data relating to measurements of a plurality of targets on at least one substrate, the measurement data relating to one or more acquisition settings and performing an optimization by minimizing a cost function which minimizes differences between the first measurement data and simulated measurement data based on a reconstructed parameterization for each of the plurality of targets. A constraint on the cost function is imposed based on a hierarchical prior. Also disclosed is a hybrid model method comprising obtaining a coarse model operable to provide simulated coarse data; and training a data driven model to correct the simulated coarse data so as to determine simulated data for use in reconstruction.

Abstract: The invention provides a lighting system (30) comprising an array (32) of lighting elements (34) being controllable to create a configurable light effect having a configurable luminance distribution. A controller (38) is configured to effect migration of a light effect from a first position (21) to a second position (22) wherein an edge of the light effect is transformed for the duration of the migration so as to improve apparent smoothness of the movement.

Abstract: The invention provides alighting system (30) comprising an array (32) of lighting elements (34) being controllable e to create a configurable light effect having a configurable luminance distribution. A controller (38) is configured to effect migration of a light effect from a first position (21) to a second position (22) wherein an edge of the light effect is transformed for the duration of the migration so as to improve apparent smoothness of the movement.

Abstract: A lighting device comprising a grid sheet carrier 3 mounted via its border 4 on a base part and having an open surface area 5 of a plurality of openings 7 and having carrier material 9 surrounding said openings. The carrier material 9 being arranged in a two-dimensional, first pattern 11. The lighting device further comprises a plurality of LEDs 13 mounted on one main face 15 of the carrier material 9 and arranged in a two-dimensional, second pattern 17. The second pattern 17 is coinciding with the first pattern 11 when superimposed and the second pattern 17 is at least a sub-pattern of the first pattern 11. Furthermore, R is a ratio between the plurality of LEDs 13 and the plurality of openings 7, wherein R>=3.

Abstract: An optical arrangement having at least a lens mode in which the optical arrangement is a lens arrangement having an array (9) of lenticular lenses (11) each of which has a particular lens surface shape such that, when tracing rays through a lenticular lens after they have entered one side of the lenticular lens, there exists at least one ray that hits the lenticular lens surface perpendicularly. This arrangement gives reduced banding and loss of intensity at steep angles when used in an autostereoscopic display.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic image output device includes an image panel having an array of image pixels defining an image, the image pixels being arranged in rows and columns. An array of parallel lenticular elements is positioned over the image panel, the lenticular elements having optical focal axes that are slanted at an angle (?) to the image pixel columns. The image output device is operable in first and second modes, with the image panel and lenticular element array rotated by 90 degrees between the modes, thereby providing a landscape mode of operation and a portrait mode of operation, the slant angle ? in the landscape mode satisfies: 1???1/2.

Abstract: A solid state lighting strip (100) for mounting in or on a panel support element (210) of a modular panel system (200) including a plurality of solid state lighting elements (110, 110?), a light extraction layer (120) and a glare reducing layer (130) is disclosed. The solid state lighting elements are arranged such that the light emitted by said elements is coupled into the glare reducing layer via the light extraction layer. The solid state lighting strip (100) can be used as part of a lighting system, a panel support element (210) and a modular panel system (200).

Abstract: A lighting device comprising a grid sheet carrier 3 mounted via its border 4 on a base part and having an open surface area 5 of a plurality of openings 7 and having carrier material 9 surrounding said openings. The carrier material 9 being arranged in a two-dimensional, first pattern 11. The lighting device further comprises a plurality of LEDs 13 mounted on one main face 15 of the carrier material 9 and arranged in a two-dimensional, second pattern 17. The second pattern 17 is coinciding with the first pattern 11 when superimposed and the second pattern 17 is at least a sub-pattern of the first pattern 11. Furthermore, R is a ratio between the plurality of LEDs 13 and the plurality of openings 7, wherein R>=3.

Abstract: An LED light bulb has a light emitting bulb part 22 which comprises a central core 24 running from the top towards the bottom and which provides an open passageway at least at the top. The LEDs are mounted in thermal contact around the central core 24. This design provides an air flow to promote cooling of the LEDs. This in turn enables a reduced size and cost of the heat sink, or avoids the need for a heat sink altogether.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic image output device includes an image panel having an array of image pixels defining an image, the image pixels being arranged in rows and columns. An array of parallel lenticular elements is positioned over the image panel, the lenticular elements having optical focal axes that are slanted at an angle (?) to the image pixel columns. The image output device is operable in first and second modes, with the image panel and lenticular element array rotated by 90 degrees between the modes, thereby providing a landscape mode of operation and a portrait mode of operation, the slant angle ? in the landscape mode satisfies: 1???1/2.

Abstract: A circuit board (10) for carrying at least one light source (16) of a lighting device and a method of manufacturing such a circuit board are provided. The circuit board comprises a substrate (1), wherein the substrate comprises at least one fold (9) forming a projecting portion and extending from a periphery (3) of the substrate up to an inner portion (2) of the substrate, whereby the substrate has a polygonal funnel shape. The present aspects use the concept of folding the substrate in order to obtain a polygonal funnel shape of the circuit board, whereby shaping of the substrate without requiring removal of material of the substrate is allowed.

Abstract: A lighting device comprising at least four optical devices. Each optical device has an associated light source and comprises a first surface with a plurality of micro sized facets. Each facet has a respective orientation and said plurality of facets has an optical axis which extends parallel to the normal vector to an average orientation of all said respective orientations. The optical devices are divided over at least two sets of optical devices which are designed to mutually issue a different pattern during operation as the optical devices of different sets are arranged in a mutually alternating manner.

Abstract: An optical arrangement having at least a lens mode in which it is a lens arrangement comprising an array (9) of lenticular lenses (11) each of which has a particular lens surface shape such that, when tracing rays through a lenticular lens after they have entered one side of the lenticular lens, there exists at least one ray that hits the lenticular lens surface perpendicularly. This arrangement gives reduced banding and loss of intensity at steep angles when used in an autostereoscopic display.

Abstract: A display device (40) comprising: a display panel (41) comprising a set of pixels (41R, 41L) the pixels being spatially distributed over the display panel, and each pixel being for providing a light output, the set of pixels comprising a plurality of different subsets (411) of pixels, each subset of pixels comprising one or more pixels of the set of pixels, an imaging unit (42) arranged for imaging the one or more pixels of a subset of pixels to form pixel images on a plurality of view areas on an imaginary plane located at a first distance in front of the display, the plurality of view areas not overlapping each other, with at least one pixel image of each one of the different subsets of pixels overlapping on a same one of the plurality of view areas, the imaginary plane comprising an imaginary circle having the diameter of the pupil of an eye, and the imaginary circle enclosing at least a part of at least two of the plurality of view areas, where the at least two of the plurality of view areas at least part

Abstract: An auto-stereoscopic display device includes a display panel having an array of display pixels for producing a display; and a view forming unit having an array of view forming elements. Each view forming elements is configurable to focus the outputs of groups of the display pixels into views projected towards a user in different directions. The display device further includes a view deflecting unit to selectably change the directions in which the plurality of views is projected towards the user. The view deflecting unit includes at least one birefringent prism having a first refractive index for light having a first polarization direction and a second refractive index for light having a second polarization direction. The view deflecting unit further includes a polarization switch in registration with the birefringent prism for providing the birefringent prism with display light having the first or second polarization direction.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display device comprises a display arrangement such as an emissive display arrangement or an reflective display arrangement, with an array of spaced pixels. A light guiding arrangement has an array of light guide columns, with one column over each display pixel or over a group (such as a column) of pixels. The light guide columns comprise aside wall which tapers outwardly to define a funnel shape with the pixel at the smaller base of the funnel. The funnel provides collimation to reduce cross talk in the display, which is particularly problematic for 3D autostereoscopic displays.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic image output device includes an image panel having an array of image pixels defining an image, the image pixels being arranged in rows and columns. An array of parallel lenticular elements is positioned over the image panel, the lenticular elements having optical focal axes that are slanted at an angle (?) to the image pixel columns. The image output device is operable in first and second modes, with the image panel and lenticular element array rotated by 90 degrees between the modes, thereby providing a landscape mode of operation and a portrait mode of operation, the slant angle ? in the landscape mode satisfies 1???½.

Abstract: A switchable autostereoscopic display device includes a display panel having an array of display pixels for producing a display, and a lens arrangement for directing the output from different pixels to different spatial positions to enable a stereoscopic image to be viewed. The lens arrangement is in a plane parallel to the display panel and includes an electrically switchable LC layer which defines a lens pattern or a lens replica pattern. The LC alignment of the LC layer is electrically switchable such that the lens arrangement is switchable between 2D and 3D modes. In the 2D mode, the LC alignment is in a first direction substantially within the plane of the lens arrangement; and in the 3D mode, the LC alignment is in a second, perpendicular direction also substantially within the plane of the lens arrangement. The light output of the display panel is polarized in the second direction.

Abstract: An optical device comprising a first surface with a plurality of micro sized facets, each facet having a respective orientation. Said plurality of facets having an optical axis which extends parallel to the normal vector to an average orientation of all said respective orientations. The plurality of facets comprising at least a first and a second group of facets, each group is formed by a respective number of at least twenty-five compactly arranged neighboring facets. Each group is arranged to generate during operation a respective, mutually identical whole pattern. Each facet in a respective group is arranged to display a sub-pattern of said respective whole pattern. The whole patterns are mutually superpositioned.