Abstract: A novel process for the purification of an alkylene oxide adduct which has been prepared using halogen-containing metal catalysts and contains halogen-containing compounds and also metals as impurities comprises treating the alkylene oxide adduct which is to be purified with an excess of alkali metal compound and adjusting the pH of the alkaline mixture obtained to a value of at most 7 using an acid, with the proviso that the water content of the product mixture which is then present is at least 0.1% by weight, relative to the weight of the product. This product mixture is freed from water and other solvents, this resulting in the precipitation in coarse crystalline form of salts which are insoluble in the alkylene oxide adduct and which can be easily separated off to isolate the desired pure alkylene oxide adduct.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 denotes a group of the formula ##STR2## R.sub.2 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, R.sub.3 denotes hydrogen or methyl, n denotes a number from 5 to 100, m denotes an integer from 0 to 4 and x denotes the number of free valences of the particular R.sub.1 radical, a process for the preparation thereof, and the use thereof as fiber spin finishes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of fatty acid esters of short-chain primary and secondary alcohols with 1 to 5 carbon atoms by transesterification of glycerides with the said short-chain alcohols is described. In this process, a stream of the gaseous alcohol is passed through the liquid glyceride at temperatures of at least 210.degree. C. and the product mixture of gylcerol and fatty acid alkyl ester is discharged from the reaction zone with this stream and is then subjected to phase separation.

Abstract: Quaternary N-alkyl-N,N'-,N'-polyoxyalkyl-.alpha.,.omega.-diamino-alkylene fatty acid esters of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is C.sub.8 -C.sub.30, preferably C.sub.16 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, or C.sub.8 -C.sub.30, preferably C.sub.16 -C.sub.18 -alkenyl,R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, preferably methyl,R.sub.3 is C.sub.7 -C.sub.29, preferably C.sub.15 -C.sub.17 -alkyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.29, preferably C.sub.15 -C.sub.17 -alkenyl,x and y each are hydrogen or methyl with the proviso that x and y are not simultaneously methyl,a is 0, 1 or 2,n is an integer of from 1 to 11, preferably 1,m is 1 or 2,p is an integer or from 1 to 5, preferably 3, andA is an anion, preferably a halogen, methosulfate or methophosphate ion.These compounds are prepared by esterifying the basis oxalkylated alkylene diamines with fatty acids and subsequent quaternization. They are used as softeners.

Abstract: The new petroleum breakers are obtained by reacting, at 90.degree. to 160.degree. C. and at a pH value of 6 to 9, (a) an addition product which has been obtained by reacting phenol with formaldehyde or acetaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 3 at a temperature of 50.degree. to 80.degree. C., in the presence of an alkaline catalyst, with (b) a block polymer which contains nitrogen and which has been obtained by an addition reaction in which 10 to 80 moles of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are added on, as a statistical average per nitrogen atom, the molar ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide being 1:0.5 to 14, to ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, polyethylenepolyamines, polypropyleneamines or mixtures thereof, the ratio being 1 to 20 moles of (a) to 1 mole of (b). They are distinguished by a high degree of effectiveness when used for separating petroleum emulsions. Products which in some cases have an even greater effect are obtained if the reaction product of (a) and (b) is propoxylated.

Abstract: The new petroleum breakers are obtained by subjecting (a) an addition reaction product which has been obtained by reacting aliphatic aldehydes with phenol in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 at temperatures of 50.degree. to 80.degree. C. in the presence of an alkaline catalyst, to a condensation reaction at 80.degree. to 150.degree. C., after prior neutralization and, if appropriate, in the presence of inert solvents, with (b) a block polymer which has been prepared by reacting polypropylene glycols having molecular weights of 1,300 to 3,000 with 20 to 100% by weight of ethylene oxide in the presence of alkaline catalysts, in a ratio of 0.5 to 4 moles of (a) to 1 mole of (b), and removing the water of the reaction which is formed, and (c) adding on 10 to 400 g of propylene oxide, relative to 100 g of condensation product, or 10 to 200 g of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in a ratio of 1:0.

Abstract: Liquid textile softeners composed of an aqueous solution or dispersion of compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, x and y each denote hydrogen or methyl, it being excluded, however, for x and y to denote simultaneously methyl, n is an integer of from 1 to 10, m is the integer 1 or 2, p is an integer of from 1 to 5, R.sub.2 denotes C.sub.8 -C.sub.30 alkyl and, if appropriate, other auxiliaries.

Abstract: The new compounds consist essentially of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polymer units and oxyalkyleneated alkylphenol/aldehyde resin units, which are linked by methylene groups. They are prepared by reacting a block polymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and an oxyalkyleneated alkylphenol/aldehyde resin with formaldehyde. The new compounds constitute especially advantageous breaking agents for petroleum.

Abstract: Fabric softener concentrates, which contain of from(a) about 30 to 70 weight % of a cationic softener,(b) about 5 to 50 weight % of a non-ionic softener,(c) about 5 to 20 weight % of a non-ionic dispersing agent,(d) about 5 to 30 weight % of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkanol,(e) about 5 to 30 weight % of a liquid glycol, polyglycol or an alkyl ether thereof, and(f) water and optionally perfume and dyestuffs, in quantities representing the remainder to 100 weight %.

Abstract: A process for the bleaching of cellulose in an alkaline peroxide bleaching bath in the presence of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 -alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 -alkenyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 -alkylaryl, n is a number of from 5 to 50, and X is ethylene or propylene; the ether chain (X-O).sub.n consisting entirely of ethoxy units or contains n/5 isopropoxy units at most.

Abstract: A fiber preparation containing or consisting of a polyglycol ether mixed formal of the formulaR.sub.1 --(OC.sub.2 H.sub.4).sub.n --OCH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OR.sub.2in which R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical of from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is a linear alkyl radical of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n is an integer of from 3 to 30.

Abstract: Water-soluble surface-active esters of di- to hexa-hydric aliphatic alcohols which have been reacted with propylene oxide and/or ethylene oxide and thereafter with at least two moles of a carboxylic acid of up to 22 carbon atoms are useful for dyestuff preparations. These preparations have good flow properties even with high dyestuff concentrations and low contents of said esters and optionally other surfactants and can be used in dyeing and printing procedures, especially in printing pastes for printing transfer sheets.

Abstract: A fiber preparation containing or consisting of a tertiary butyl ether of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is a straight-chain or branched C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 -alkyl or alkenyl group.

Abstract: Glycerol and aliphatic nitriles are simultaneously produced by treating liquid glycerides with gaseous ammonia at a rate of at least 200 liters of ammonia per kilogram of glyceride per hour at temperatures of from 220.degree. to 300.degree. C. in the presence of metal salts of carboxylic or sulfonic acids as catalysts and subjecting the product mixture to a phase separation into a nitrile phase and a glycerol/water phase. Preferred starting materials are vegetable and animal fats and oils.

Abstract: Fluorine-containing alkyl-sulfato-betaines of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.f is perfluoroalkyl with 3 to 16 C atoms, R.sup.1 is alkyl with 1 to 4 C atoms, R.sub.2 is alkyl with 1 to 4 C atoms, Q is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or ##STR2##m is numbers 0 or 1 and, if m is 0, p is an integer from 1 to 4 and, if m is 1, p is the number 1, are prepared by reacting a compound of the formula ##STR3## in which R.sub.f, Q, m and p are as defined above, with at least one known sulfating agent at -30 to +60.degree. C. in the presence of at least one solvent (a) which dissolves the abovementioned amine and does not react with the sulfating agent, dissolving the resulting product, after removing the solvent (a), in at least one polar solvent (b), neutralizing the solution with at least one known alkali and then reacting the neutral solution at 40 to 130.degree. C. and under a pressure of about 1 to about 6 bars with a compound of the formula R.sub.2 Z, in which Z is Cl, Br, I or --OSO.sub.2 OR.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is a perfluoroalkyl group of 3 to 16 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cyclohexyl, 2-hydroxyalkyl, or R.sub.f --(CF.dbd.CH).sub.m --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --, Q is --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --, --CH.sub.2 CHR--, or --CH.sub.2 --CRR'--CH.sub.2 -- (R is lower alkyl or phenyl, R' is lower alkyl, phenyl or hydrogen), x is an integer of 2 or 3, m is an integer of 0 or 1 and p is an integer of 1 to 4, are prepared by reacting florinated amines of the formulaR.sub.4 --(CF.dbd.CH).sub.m --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --NR.sub.1 R.sub.2with cyclic phosphites of the formula ##STR2## these compounds are useful for lowering the surface tension in aqueous solutions and as wetting agents in dry-cleaning processes for textiles.