Abstract: Especially in order to carry out the so-called enzyme-coupled DNA hybridization test in a closed cartridge including a microfluid system, using stored dry reagents, the reagents must be dissolved in the microfluid system and transported into the measuring chamber directly before the measurement. During the dissolution of the reagents in water, air cushions that cannot reach the measuring chamber must absolutely be prevented from forming upstream of the reagent liquid. According to an embodiment of the invention, the liquid measuring sample and the liquid reagents are transported in such a way that the air cushion is directed into the waste line and the measuring sample and the reagents are then introduced into the measuring chamber without any air bubbles. In this way, measuring errors can be avoided.

Abstract: A high-voltage capacitor is used to transmit energy and has an insulator housing, wherein at least two serially connected capacitors, which are mounted in parallel, are arranged. Said capacitors are made of, respectively, a serial connection of individual capacitors which are embodied as stackable capacitor elements. The resulting high-voltage capacitor is compact and economical. Each capacitor element comprises several individual capacitors which are maintained in an isolated manner, whereby the number corresponds to the number of serially connected capacitors, such that said serially connected capacitors are formed by one stack of capacitor elements.

Abstract: Especially in order to carry out the so-called enzyme-coupled DNA hybridisation test in a closed cartridge including a microfluid system, using stored dry reagents, the reagents must be dissolved in the microfluid system and transported into the measuring chamber directly before the measurement. During the dissolution of the reagents in water, air cushions that cannot reach the measuring chamber must absolutely be prevented from forming upstream of the reagent liquid. According to an embodiment of the invention, the liquid measuring sample and the liquid reagents are transported in such a way that the air cushion is directed into the waste line and the measuring sample and the reagents are then introduced into the measuring chamber without any air bubbles. In this way, measuring errors can be avoided.

Abstract: A cartridge (card) having a system of microchannels and/or microcavities is used for automated DNA or protein analysis. In at least one embodiment, the microchannels or microcavities include geometrical structures for receiving dry reagents. For the purpose of industrial production, the cartridge is produced from a flat card support, e.g., by injection moulding. The reagents are spotted into the open channels, dried and then the channels are sealed by way of a film. A finished cartridge can thus be provided with a test sample and the fully automated measuring sequence can be initiated by inserting said cartridge into a read-out device.

Abstract: An electric measuring device is supplied with electric energy at a high-voltage potential by a circuit that includes at least one first transformer on the ground potential side. The first transformer has a primary side, to which a generator is attached to generate a feed signal that supplies energy, and a symmetrically sub-divided secondary side with a division point connected to the ground potential. The circuit also has at least one second transformer on the high-voltage potential side with a symmetrically sub-divided primary side, whose division point is connected to the high-voltage potential and a secondary side, to which the measuring device can be connected for the energy supply. In addition, at least one symmetrically configured transmission element attenuates the potential and is equipped with two parallel sub-branches running between the secondary side of the first transformer and the primary side of the second transformer.

Abstract: The flow rate of a fluid flowing around a measuring element is measured using a guide for guiding an electromagnetic wave along the longitudinal extension thereof and at least one electric heating element that is placed adjacent to the guide. The guide can be heated by the heating element. An electromagnetic wave, which can be launched into the guide, can be influenced according to the temperature of the guide that is dependent on the flow rate of the fluid.

Abstract: The flow rate of a fluid flowing around a measuring element is measured using a guide for guiding an electromagnetic wave along the longitudinal extension thereof and at least one electric heating element that is placed adjacent to the guide. The guide can be heated by the heating element. An electromagnetic wave, which can be launched into the guide, can be influenced according to the temperature of the guide that is dependent on the flow rate of the fluid.

Abstract: The system is intended to provide an isolated power supply for an electrical load. It contains a generator for producing a supply signal, and a transmission path having two separate branch elements. The first branch element is designed for transmission of the supply signal (S1) in the forward direction, and the second branch element is designed for transmission of the supply signal in the backward direction, so that this results in a closed circuit for the supply signal. The two branch elements contain means for isolation. The load can be supplied by the supply signal with an electrical power of at most 100 mW.

Abstract: Arrangement for supplying electrical power to a load by means of a transmission path which has been split into two parts

Abstract: A fuel cell is provided which includes iron-based alloys for the construction of the solid parts of the fuel cell. The fuel cell includes a membrane electrode unit and solid constructive parts which may include current collectors, a cell frame and a bipolar plate. At least one of these solid constructive parts is made from an iron-based material that preferably has an effective weight percent of iron of greater than or equal to 26.9 percent.

Abstract: A photoresist suitable for the production of structures in the submicron range contains the following components:a polymer component with carboxylic acid anhydride functions and carboxylic acid tert. butyl ester groupsa photoinitiator which releases an acid when exposed anda suitable solvent.

Abstract: A dry-developable, positively acting TSI resist contains the following components:a suitable solvent,a strong acid former as the photoactive component, anda base polymer in the form of a copolymer or terpolymer with maleic acid anhydride as a basic unit and glycidyl methacrylate and/or a styrene derivative as a further basic unit, and possibly an additive.

Abstract: Premixed polymers which can serve as base polymers for high-resolution resists are structured from 40 to 99 mole % of a tert. butyl ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and 1 to 60 mole % of an anhydride of an unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive resist composition for manufacturing highly resolved relief structures is characterized by the following components:a film-forming base polymer;a radiation-active component that releases an acid when irradiated;a radiation-sensitive ester-former; anda solvent.

Abstract: New mixed polymers which can serve as base polymers for high-resolution resists are structured from 40 to 99 mole % of a tert. butyl ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and 1 to 60 mole % of an anhydride of an unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Multilayer printed circuit boards and multichip-module substrates having at least one layered composite of high-temperature-stable plastic and conductive tracks wherein the plastic is provided with a thin layer of amorphous, hydrogenated carbon (a--C:H) having a water permeation coefficient of <1.1.times.10.sup.-13 m.sup.2 /s. The a--C:H-layer also has a hardness gradient across it.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing multichip modules having layer sequences made of dielectric material with conducting tracks embedded therein is characterized by the following features: (1) a temperature-resistant, base-resistant polymer having a dielectric constant .ltoreq.3 is used as a dielectric material, which is applied to a non-conductive substrate and serves as an edge boundary for currentless, autocatalytic build-up of the conducting tracks; (2) the dielectric material is provided with a layer made of material which is soluble in organic solvents (lift-off layer); (3) the dielectric material and the lift-off layer are structured in a single lithographic step, either a direct or an indirect structuring taking place and grooves having an aspect ratio .gtoreq.

Abstract: A working electrode or an electrochemical-enzymatic sensor system has a metallic base body which is provided with a thin layer of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H).

Abstract: Known large vibrating conveyors are not readily suitable as such for conveying bulk materials or small articles into or out of a liquid bath, because the liquid transmits the vibrations to other structural parts, for example a vessel for the liquid, as a result of the incompressibility of the liquid. In order to remedy this, the vibrating conveyor device according to the invention has a compressible space or chamber underneath the vibrating part which damps the vibrations, when suitably coordinated with the liquid bath. The space is preferably gas-filled and its damping properties can be varied by feeding additional gas through a line which can be shut off by a member, or by bleeding some of the filling through a further line which can likewise be shut off by a member.

Abstract: A method for the photolithographic production of structures in the submicron range including the following steps:- a photoresist layer comprising a polymer containing carboxylic acid anhydride and carboxylic acid tert. butyl ester groups, a photoinitiator which releases an acid when exposed, and a suitable solvent is applied to a substrate;- the photoresist layer is dried;- the photoresist layer is exposed in an imagewise manner;- the exposed photoresist layer is subjected to temperature treatment;- the photoresist layer treated in this way is subjected to liquid silylation;- the silylated photoresist layer is dry-developed in an anisotropic oxygen plasma;where the temperature treatment is handled in such a way that the photoresist becomes hydrophilic in the exposed areas.