Abstract: Color dichroic polarizer includes a glass substrate, a surface layer, and non-spherical metal particles arranged in the surface layer and being deposited in an oriented arrangement. Wherein, in at least one lateral region of the glass substrate, the surface layer comprises a double layer whose two partial layers contain metal particles with different average axis ratios, whereby the two partial layers have different absorption spectra. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: Process and device for treating seeds in order to combat harmful organisms. According to the invention, in an initial stage of the process, the seeds are separated and distributed evenly in a free-fall process, subjected in a vacuum to irradiation by low energy electron beams and then immediately treated with fungicides and/or microbial antagonists or metabolic products and spores thereof and/or synergists.

Abstract: In order to produce full-color dichroic polarizers, it is necessary to produce absorption bands with several absorption maxima. The absorption bands produced until now always had a simple band form which was determined by the form of the non-spherical particles deposited in the polarization layer.

Abstract: Multiple methods are known to process materials or alter their properties using an electron beam. Until now, it was not possible to impinge upon minuscule surface sections (pixel) with a given arrangement on the surface in order to achieve certain effects. According to the invention, the object to be impinged upon is moved contact-free under a mask. A bidimensional deflectable electron beam oscillating at a high frequency perpendicular to the direction of movement of the object is moved on the mask, the speed being essentially faster than that of the movement of the object. Said method can be used for processing any material, preferably plane or band-shaped objects, in order to achieve processing effects by means of physical or chemical reaction.

Abstract: Electron gun with band-shaped beams that includes a vacuum chamber extend in a longitudinal direction, a beam window running in the longitudinal direction along the vacuum chamber, and a cathode control-electrode system positioned within the vacuum chamber in the longitudinal direction. The cathode control-electrode system includes at least one substantially straight cathode positioned substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the cathode control-electrode system and the at least one substantially straight cathode has bulges formed at defined distances. The bulges are shaped to produce a substantially homogeneous current density distribution along the at least one substantially straight cathode and support units are located in the cathode control-electrode system to correspond with the bulges. The bulges are removably couplable to the support units.

Abstract: An electron beam exit window, known as Lenard window, has a beam exit opening which is closed in a vacuum-tight manner by a metal foil. Resting on the metal foil on the vacuum side is a supporting grid of heat-proof fiber bundles. The supporting grid is fixed in a frame. The electron beam exit window is particularly suitable for relatively low electron energies with a high power density of the electron beam. This provides an easily manufactured window with low absorption.

Abstract: Process and device for electron beam treatment of bulk material where the bulk material is fed into a continuous stream by means of compression stages (3) which can be evacuated. It is dispersed and directed into a dosed irradiation chamber (1), passing in this chamber through an irradiation field in a free-fall process, and discharged from the irradiation chamber through a compression stage system (4). The invention enables electron beam treatment of biological materials to be carried out to particularly good advantage, e.g. in combatting harmful organisms in seeds.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for the disinfection of seeds, preferably those of grains, to prevent pathogenic organisms from being planted with the seeds, and to provide reliable disinfection without using toxic agents. The seed is irradiated by low-energy electrons with energy and dosage controlled so that the surface and regions close to the surface are exposed to the radiation with fungicidal effect. A beam of the low-energy electrons is provided by an electron gun aimed at a region within a seed-receiving chamber at which the seeds to be irradiated are caused to intercept the radiation repeatedly and on all sides. The chamber may be at atmospheric pressure or be evacuated, the latter condition requiring vacuum locks at seed inlet and outlet ports of the chamber.