Abstract: A method and a machine for straightening sections by eliminating multi-axle deviations from the required section and from the required straightness using one or more straightening tools arranged, in series above and below the material to be straightened, on straightening axles which are parallel with one another. The adjustment of the straightening force and the adjustment of the horizontal inclination of the adjustable straightening axle are carried out hydraulically. The hydraulic system is configured so that a rapid change in position is possible either at the front and rear hydraulic cylinders or exclusively at the rear hydraulic cylinder in such a way that the straightening force and/or the horizontal inclination of the adjustable straightening axle can also be set during the straightening process.

Abstract: An immersion nozzle is employed for discharging material from a vessel to a mold and includes an upper section to be connected to the vessel and a lower section having a region to be immersed in material in the mold. The upper and lower sections have extending therethrough respective discharge channels that communicate and that enable material to be discharged from the vessel to the mold. The discharge channel of the upper section converges downwardly in a first vertical plane to join the discharge channel of the lower section. The discharge channel of the upper section also expands downwardly in a second vertical plane transverse to the first vertical plane to join the discharge channel of the lower section. Each of the upper and lower sections is formed by at least one respective separate member. The members have adjacent ends having mutually facing and fitting surfaces, and each pair of facing and fitting end surfaces has therebetween a seal.

Abstract: A refractory ceramic stopper has therein a recess including an annular outwardly enlarged portion defining a stop surface. A stopper rod inserted into the recess in the stopper has a support surface. A plurality of spreadable members having opposite ends are positioned about the stopper rod and are inserted therewith into the recess in the stopper. The spreadable members are spread outwardly such that they enter the enlarged portion of the recess in the stopper with first ends of the spreadable members confronting the stop surface of the stopper and with second ends of the spreadable members confronting the support surface of the stopper rod. Thereby the spreadable members lock the stopper onto the stopper rod.

Abstract: A member formed of ceramic refractory material has therein an opening. A metal coupling member for attaching a metal member such as a rod or a tube, to the refractory member has an externally threaded portion extending into the opening in the refractory member. The coupling member has a head extending radially outwardly beyond the threads of the threaded portion and embedded in the refractory member. The opening in the refractory member may be internally threaded to receive the threads of the threaded portion of the coupling member.

Abstract: Seizable, connection-associated switching devices of various types emit processing requests with different urgency degrees to a central sequential logic system for information which are to be processed with different urgency dependent on type. A limit value which may be set in an occupation rejection device based on the measure of a continuously-measured, momentary sequential logic system load serves as a comparison normal and effects that processing requests are rejected (accepted) when the urgency value is lower than (greater than) the limit value.

Abstract: Seizable connection-associated switching devices emit processing requests for incoming information to a central sequential logic system. Processing requests differ on the basis of different urgency degrees which are defined by type of appertaining, connection-associated switching devices. A limit value is set in an occupation non-acceptance device based on the measure of the momentary sequential logic system load. The processing request are rejected (or accepted) by way of a comparison of the respective urgency value to the limit value which is carried out by way of the occupation non-acceptance device, being rejected (or accepted) when the urgency value is lower (or greater) than the limited value. Connection-associated switching devices having the same urgency degree are combined in different urgency groups having different urgency subvalues on the basis of their addresses.

Abstract: A shaft cooler for dry quenching of coke includes an inner masonry ring that is an independent structure suspended on the top edge of the outer masonry of the shaft cooler. The weight of the inner masonry ring is carried by stays which bear on the top edge of the outer masonry. The tubular stays are disposed in one embodiment inside the masonry ring and in another embodiment outside the masonry ring. The tubular stays are connected to ring mains for conducting a coolant medium. When the tubular stays are disposed outside the masonry ring, parallel tubes are interconnected along their entire length by webs to form a closed steel ring. Ring tubes are welded to the top and bottom ends to serve as a heat exchanger and are connected to the evaporator section of a waste-heat boiler of the shaft cooler. Flue-gas passages are formed at the bottom edge of the masonry ring by radially, spaced-apart webs.

Abstract: A refractory article for casting of liquid melts, especially steel, fabricated from a mixture of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, graphite, a flux component, a synthetic resin binder and a metallic powder. The flux component contains a first flux with a melting point from 550.degree. to 900.degree. C. and a second flux that becomes active in the mixture in a temperature ranging from 1350.degree. and 1550.degree. C. The refractory article need not be heated before use, and the carbon contained therein, which determines the strength of the article, is retained for a much longer period during use, so that the article will have a long service life.

Abstract: The invention resides in a fastening means for a closure plate on a sliding shutter for the outlet of a vessel containing molten metal, whereby the closure plate can be fixed within a supporting frame by the action of releasable gripping means which are provided on the supporting frame and which act on a metal sheath which at least encircles the periphery of the closure plate. The closure plate's external periphery is provided with at least one recess into which the sheath is pressed as a result of the deformation produced by the gripping means. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the sheath encircles the exterior periphery of the closure plate as a narrow tension band and is provided with at least one tightener. The desired pretensioning of the sheath and the fixing of the closure plate and sheath to the supporting frame is effected in combination with the tightener.

Abstract: An ignition burner and a pilot burner form part of an ignition system for a fluidized stream of finely-divided coal particles in a pressurized gasifier housing having a slag overflow pipe coupled to a discharge vessel. A fuel supply pipe delivers fuel for combustion by the ignition burner and the pilot burner. A sparkplug or hot wire is used to ignite the fuel delivered to the ignition burner. The flame produced by the ignition burner is widened by a baffle so that ignition by the pilot burner occurs to produce a flame which is monitored through a thermocouple. The parts forming the ignition system are carried by a pair of levers with pivots on the inner wall of a slag overflow pipe for movement between an operative position wherein the ignition burner is situated near the slag-receiving opening of the overflow pipe and an inoperative position wherein the ignition burner is protected from contact by slag and radiation heating.

Abstract: A system is provided for cooling high-temperature, high-pressure gasifiers having cooling tubes which extend vertically through the walls of the gasifier and are connected in a closed cooling water circulation system.In accordance with the invention, the cooling tubes are coated on the inside of the gasifier with a plasma or flame sprayed ceramic coating, preferably consisting of alumina, and are embedded in a ramming compound such as tamped clay.

Abstract: A system for detecting faults in the wall of a high-temperature pressure vessel, such as a fuel gasifier. The wall comprises an outer metallic shell having an inner refractory lining, together with cooling tubes extending along the refractory lining. In order to detect a fault, such as a rupture in a cooling tube and resultant melting of the refractory in the vicinity of the fault, one or more electrical conductors are embedded in the refractory and connected at their opposite ends to an external energizing circuit such that when the refractory melts, so also will the conductor, thereby breaking the circuit to indicate the existence of the fault.

Abstract: A stream of hot primary gas rising from the gasification region in a slag bath generator passes through an after-gasification region and thence into a cooling region. The stream of hot gas is cooled in the cooling region by injecting purified and cooled primary gas through tangentially-arranged nozzles at an outlet velocity of between 1 and 8 meters per second. Below the tangentially-arranged nozzles, other gas-cooling nozzles inject cooled and purified primary gas into the hot gas stream upwardly at an angle within 10.degree.-60.degree. , preferably at 45.degree. and at an outlet velocity of between 10 and 160 meters per second. The upwardly-inclined gas injection nozzles are carried by the inner wall of an annular duct. The inner wall extends between a lining of cooling tubes surrounding the vertical gas flow space.

Abstract: Iron ore pellets on a grid in a treatment chamber are hardened by contact with a heat treated, low calorific gas. The gas is generated in the gasification chamber of a slag bath generator. The generator receives a gasification agent and solid fuel that preferably further includes sulfur-binding materials, such as dolomite for generating a stream of low calorific gas. Inclined water-cooled pipes at the upper end of the slag bath generator extract liquid slag from the gas stream. The slag drips from the pipes into the slag bath generator. A mixing chamber receives the gas at a temperature of about 1450.degree. C passed beyond the inclined water-cooled pipes together with an air supply for heat treating the gas to a temperature of about 1100.degree. C. The heat treated gas is then passed into the treatment chamber for hardening the iron ore pellets contained therein.

Abstract: A system for cooling high-temperature gasifiers and method for its operation wherein cooling conduits extend vertically through the walls of the gasifier and are connected at their ends to a closed-water circulation system which incorporates heat exchangers for removing heat from the system. Boiling in the system is prevented, and good heat transfer characteristics are achieved, by maintaining a high pressure system, at least 40 bar, coupled with a flow velocity of between 5 and 7 meters per second at a maximum internal diameter of the cooling conduits of 51 millimeters. Means are provided for maintaining the temperature of the water exiting from the cooling conduits at least 10.degree. C below the boiling point at the pressure and flow rate of the system.

Abstract: Fine-grain fuel is delivered from pressure vessels with a vehicle gas as a fluidized flow into a reactor for gasification at an elevated pressure. A gaseous gasification agent is also fed into the reactor. A control system for the fine-grain fuel and gasification agent includes detectors to provide an electrical signal which varies during feeding of fuel from the pressure vessels into the reactor. Controllers produce a fuel rate control signal corresponding to a comparison between the electrical signal from the detectors and a predetermined reference value corresponding to the desired fuel supply rate. Control valves respond to the fuel rate control signal to adjust the supply of vehicle gas to transfer fuel from the pressure vessels into the reactor.

Abstract: The high temperature gasification of solid fuel or mixtures of solid and liquid fuels is carried out by a method and apparatus wherein the gasified product from a high temperature gasification chamber having a slag bath therein is fed into a first dust collector. Gases, including vapors or aerosols, are fed from the dust collector into a waste heat boiler to reduce the temperature of the gases down to about 250.degree. C. The solids which essentially include flue coke are discharged from the dust collector into a separate heat exchanger wherein the temperature of the solids is reduced down to about 200.degree. C. The cooled solids and the cooled gases are fed into an absorption chamber wherein for a period of 1 to 10 seconds, the aerosols are absorbed into the flue coke. The absorption chamber is connected to a second dust collector that separates the gases from the flue coke having the absorbed aerosols.

Abstract: A control system maintains a predetermined volumetric ratio between fine-particle fuel and a gasification agent which are fed separately into a reactor wherein the fuel is gasified under pressure. The control system includes a first measuring means responsive to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the fine-particle fuel in a fuel-feed line for producing a fuel-feed signal corresponding to the volumetric amount of fuel conducted by the line. A vehicle gas-feed signal is produced by a second measuring means in response to the volumetric amount of vehicle gas conducted by a line into the fuel-feed line for admixture with the fuel therein. Computing means is responsive to the fuel-feed signal and the vehicle gas-feed signal to produce a control signal according the expression:U.sub.1 . (U.sub.2 - U.sub.v)for all values of U.sub.2 greater than U.sub.v where U.sub.1 corresponds to the reciprocal of the fuel-feed signal, U.sub.2 corresponds to the vehicle gas-feed signal and U.sub.

Abstract: Nozzles introduce jet streams of fine-grain fuel and a gasification medium downwardly toward the surface of a slag bath at the bottom of a cylindrical reactor shaft within a vessel to impinge upon the surface of liquid slag which is discharged through a centrally-arranged overflow in the bottom of the vessel. The nozzles are arranged at an angle within a range of 35.degree. to 40.degree. with respect to the horizontal and positioned so that the jet streams impinge upon the surface of the slag at points defined by a plurality of concentric circles with respect to the overflow to circulate and produce a resulting movement of the liquid slag toward the overflow while maintaining a high temperature and homogeneous slag bath. The nozzles are further positioned so that an angle of about 10.degree. is defined between each jet stream and a vertical tangential plane to the concentric circle at the point where the jet stream impinges.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for gasifying fine-grained fuel, e.g., coal and a gasifying medium, e.g., oxygen in a slag bath generator. The fine-grained fuel and gasifying medium are injected at a downwardly-inclined angle to tangentially impinge with a turbulent rotary motion upon a slag bath in the lower end of a vertically-extending reactor shaft within a pressure vessel. A desired slag bath level is maintained in the bottom of the vessel by using an overflow to discharge slag from the bath through the bottom of the vessel. A first treatment zone for the high temperature gasification of the fuel is formed between the slag bath and a circular constriction to the reactor shaft. A second treatment zone for the final gasification of the fuel at a lower temperature as compared with the temperature in the first treatment zone extends above the circumferential constriction along the reactor shaft. Fuel and gases passing through the circumferential constriction are essentially free of a turbulent rotary motion.