Abstract: An apparatus is described for recovery and reuse of liquids which are used as solvents and for the specific dilution of the solvent in the chemical reaction and/or the processing of substances.

Abstract: A process for recovery and reuse of liquids used as solvents and diluents in a chemical reaction and/or the processing of substances, the process include the introduction of a solvent, a diluent, and a substance to be reacted and/or processed into a processing plant, feeding a used mixture of solvent, diluent and residues into a recovery plant, separating the solvent, diluent and residue resulting from the chemical reaction and/or processing of substances, recycling the solvent and diluent back to the processing plant, ejecting residues, and ejecting the treated substances. The apparatus for carrying out the process is also described.

Abstract: Column having integrated heat exchangerA column is described including a column body (1) and at least one heat exchanger (2) installed directly on the column head. This heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger which is specially arranged so that the condensing vapors and the condensate (12) generated on the exchanger surface move in one direction.A further embodiment of the invention relates to a column which contains a column body (1) and at least one plate heat exchanger installed between two trays and/or packing beds within the column, which plate heat exchanger is operated as a condenser and is situated within a collecting vessel (29) open at the top.A third embodiment of the invention relates to a column which includes a column body (1) and at least one plate heat exchanger (2), which is operated as an evaporator, and which is installed within the column between two trays and/or packing beds and/or in the bottom.The column according to the invention is distinguished by a space-saving construction.

Abstract: Reprocessing mixtures which contain organic solvents and constituents of low volatility and may contain water: includes introducing the mixture into a concentration apparatus of a solvent recovery system, concentrating the mixture in the concentration apparatus by evaporating off a portion of a readily volatile fraction and feeding this readily volatile fraction to a separation column. A portion of the concentrated mixture from the concentration apparatus is conducted away into a separation apparatus where the constituents of low volatility are separated off from the concentrated mixture and ejected from the solvent recovery system. The concentrated mixture is conducted away, freed from the constituents of low volatility, from the separation apparatus.

Abstract: The apparatus according to the invention comprises a cutting wheel (1) provided with a multiplicity of cutting knives (3) disposed in a circle in a knife mount (2) and spaced apart at predetermined distances corresponding to the desired staple, at least one pressure roller (4) for producing on the wound material in sliver or strand form a cutting pressure acting on the cutting knives (3), an opening and closing device (5) by means of which the pressure roller (4) can be moved a predetermined distance away from the cutting wheel (1) or towards the cutting wheel (21), an adjusting member (6) by which a preset distance can be adjusted between the pressure roller (4) and the cutting knife (3) lying nearest to said pressure roller (4), a damping means (7) by which, in conjunction with the adjusting means (6), the contact pressure exerted by the pressure roller (4) on the material in sliver or strand form lying on the knives (3) can be so adjusted that the cutting power of the apparatus remains practically unchange

Abstract: A steering roller arrangement for a trackless floor vehicle in the form of a so-called three-wheeled vehicle is described. With this vehicle, in addition to two running wheels, a steering roller is provided which can be swiveled about a vertical axis by means of a ring mount for traveling in a curved line and to achieve a trailing effect. Relative to the rotatable part of the ring mount, the steering roller is movable between two opposite trailing positions such that, with a reversal of the direction of travel, the required alteration of the steering roller trailing effect is brought about by a corresponding adjustment of the steering roller. In this way uncontrolled veering of the vehicle is avoided which occur with conventional three-wheeled vehicles on account of the rotation of the steering roller by 180.degree. caused by the trailing effect of the steering roller. The steering roller is expediently displaceable in a straight line by a linear guide between the two trailing positions.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for the packaging and pressing in bale form of loose fiber material comprising short-length fibers or fibers of high slipperiness, using a fill shaft (2) in which a distributing means (6) ensures that the fiber is transferred uniformly to a clearer means (7) which already has the width (4) of the press container opening (5), the clearer means (7) transports the fiber together with a longitudinal homogenizer means (9) in such a way as to ensure uniform filling of the press container (11), and the fiber so introduced can then be pre-pressed, end-pressed, packed in bale form and reinforced in a conventional manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to process and apparatus for the automatic insertion of prefabricated box-shaped bags made of flexible packaging material into large box-shaped containers with a capacity of more than 100 liters. The bags are suspended on rolling carriages in such a way that two opposing sides are extended at the bag edge, the rolling carriage equipped in this way is transported to a transfer point where one side of the bag is received by a pulling device, and as a result of movement of the pulling device the bag is extended fully at its upper edge. Subsequently, the bag is received by a spreading device and introduced by way of the spreading device into a large container. The edges at the upper margin of the bag may be cut to form marginal side flaps for transfer into appropriate retaining devices on the large container.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes and devices for packing staple fibers into bales of identical weight. By using transportable press containers and load-measuring devices which permit a weighing of the press container, including its contents, in the prepress between the individual pressings without touching sealing devices, makes it possible to determine the weight increase of the press container per clearing motion and to predetermine the total number of clearer motions required for reaching a predetermined bale weight.The invention permits the production of bales whose weight fluctuates, for example, by only .+-.2 kg or, if a stroke-reducible clearing device is used, by only less than .+-.1 kg.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes and devices for automatically depositing and pressing continuous tows in containers moved to and fro on a traversing device, wherein the start of the tow is transferred via a chute to a catch box on the container and is retained there, the container is weighed during each traversing movement because of the extension of a weighing platform and, when the nominal weight is reached, the fed tow is held and severed in a cutting and fixing device, the tow ends obtained are fixed and marked, and the tow end belonging to the deposited material and the start of the tow are introduced into the full container from the catch box.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and to apparatus for packing fibrous material in bales of high density, the material being pressed together in a final press and then being moved, together with the press-ram end piece and bottom plate, while still standing under pressure, out of the press compartment to further working positions where it is packed and reinforced.The invention enables the bales to be packed outside the press compartment which can be already fed, during the packing operation, with new material to be pressed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the packaging of fibrous material, such as staple fibers or tow ribbons, in bales of high density by multi-stage compression and wrapping with two-dimensional packaging material and reinforcing bands. It further relates to equipment suitable for this process. The material to be packaged is first placed in transportable press containers and pressed, transported in these containers to a central press, and then subjected to a main pressing step. The packaging and reinforcing of the bales produced are carried out in the central press which can be performed automatically if desired. By this invention it is possible to combine three or more laying-down and first-stage press devices, which may be supplied from different fiber lines, with a main press.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for compressing filament tows to bales and packaging them with flexible packaging material and reinforcing strips by means of a novel baling press, the press ram of which is divided into a core ram (4) and a surrounding outer ram (5), so that the relative positions of these two rams may be varied during the compression operations. By means of fingers (10), the collar of packaging material formed on compression can be bent in such a manner when lifting the outer ram (5) that on renewed lowering of the outer ram (5) strip-reinforcement is not hindered any more.Bales of high unit weight are obtained which allow trouble-free processing of the filament tows.