Abstract: What is disclosed is a continuous one-step method for the preparation of isobutyric acid or a lower alkyl ester thereof by the Koch synthesis, which method comprises reacting propylene, carbon monoxide, and water or a lower alcohol, in the gaseous and liquid phases, in the presence of hydrogen fluoride as a Koch catalyst, at a temperature between 80.degree. C. and 160.degree. C., at a dwell time of the liquid phase of less than 20 minutes, and with a high degree of backmixing, while maintaining the content of propylene in the reaction mixture at less than one percent by weight of the liquid phase, wherein all or part of the propylene, carbon monoxide, and water or lower alcohol can be replaced by binary addition compounds formed pairwise between these materials. In the alternative, isopropylformiate can be continuously rearranged in the presence of hydrogen fluoride to produce isobutyric acid.

Abstract: UV absorbing compounds, susceptible to free-radical polymerization, of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms of which not more than 6 are present in a linear chain, and in particular 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacrylamidomethyl-5'-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole, and polymers thereof.

Abstract: Flame retarded polyacrylimide or polymethacrylimide resin foams containing at least 70 percent by weight of cyclic acrylimide or methacrylimide units and incorporating at least 1 percent by weight of phosphorus, present at least partially in the form of a phosphorus compound, XCH.sub.2 --PO(OR).sub.2, wherein R is methyl, ethyl, or chloromethyl, and X is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, or RO--CO--.

Abstract: A method for making multilayered synthetic resin bodies by the coextrusion of thermoplastic molding compounds wherein at least one of the layers in the extruded body is to be protected against UV light, which comprises extruding at least one layer from a thermoplastic molding compound that is formed entirely or predominantly of a copolymer formed between monomers comprising in their molecules groups or structures which, because of their characteristic absorption of ultraviolet light, provide protection against ultraviolet light, together with other, known, monomers.

Abstract: An ionically cross-linked acrylic elastomer having a glass transition temperature below 30.degree. C. is prepared by precipitation polymerization of a di- or polyvalent metal salt of acrylic, methacrylic and/or itaconic acid and/or a higher ester of methacrylic acid in an anhydrous organic solvent in which the polymer is insoluble. The metal ions comprise 0.1 to 15% of the monomer mixture.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a process for the continuous production of isobutyric acid or an alkyl ester thereof by the Koch synthesis, which process comprises reacting propylene, carbon monoxide, and water or an alkanol in the presence of hydrogen fluoride in at least one reaction space containing a liquid phase and a gas phase under high pressure, releasing said pressure at least partially, whereby a gas containing organic compounds from said synthesis evolves from said liquid phase, adding oxygen to said evolved gas and at least partially combusting the organic compounds contained therein, then contacting the evolved gas containing the at least partially combusted organic compounds with at least a portion of the water or alkanol to be reacted with said propylene and carbon monoxide, whereby at least a portion of said combusted organic compounds are absorbed by said water or alkanol, returning said water or alkanol containing the absorbed combusted organic compounds to said reaction space, and discharging any unab

Abstract: Difficultly flammable polyarylene ether resins containing phosphorus having the structure ##STR1## and methods for making the same.

Abstract: What are disclosed are resinous polyarylene esters containing more than 1 percent by weight of phosphorus and having the formula--CO--A--CO--O--B--O.sub.n, wherein B is a bivalent aromatic group and A represents at least in part--phenylene--P(O).sub.x (R)--phenylene--,wherein R is lower alkyl or aryl and x is 0 or 1, the rest, if any, of A having the formula given for B, which esters have decomposition temperatures of at least 450.degree. C. and can be sintered or thermoplastically processed into sheets or other shapes having good self-extinguishing properties.

Abstract: What are disclosed are phosphorus-containing polyarylene esters,--O--A--O--CO--B--CO].sub.n,wherein A represents at least in part groups of the structure ##STR1## wherein x is 0 or 1 and R is aromatic or aliphatic, and wherein B represents either two different aromatic groups or at least one group with the structure --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --R'--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --, wherein R' is a bridging link of the group --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --CO--, or isopropylidene, and wherein n is greater than 20, which esters have a phosphorus content of over 1 weight percent, are distinguished by improved thermoplastic processability, and are prepared by condensation of HO--A--OH, for example with ClCO--B--COCl in the presence of a base.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a continuous one-step method for the preparation of isobutyric acid or a lower alkyl ester thereof by the Koch synthesis, which method comprises reacting propylene, carbon monoxide, and water or a lower alcohol, in the gaseous and liquid phases, in the presence of hydrogen fluoride as a Koch catalyst, at a temperature between 80.degree. C. and 160.degree. C., at a dwell time of the liquid phase of less than 20 minutes, and with a high degree of backmixing, while maintaining the content of propylene in the reaction mixture at less than one percent by weight of the liquid phase, wherein all or part of the propylene, carbon monoxide, and water or lower alcohol can be replaced by binary addition compounds formed pairwise between these materials. In the alternative, isopropylformiate can be continuously rearranged in the presence of hydrogen fluoride to produce isobutyric acid.

Abstract: An aqueous artificial resin dispersion, comprising an aqueous phase and a water-insoluble disperse phase formed from particles containing a copolymer formed in substantial part from a water insoluble or slightly soluble first monomer, wherein the copolymer additionally is formed from a second monomer of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen or methyl, R' represents hydrogen or an alkyl radical with 1 to 12 C-atoms, R" represents an alkyl radical with 7 to 20 C-atoms, and M represents a proton, an alkali metal ion, or an ammonium ion, with the proviso that the aqueous phase is free of low molecular weight, ionic emulsifying agents. Such dispersions are particularly well suited for continuous emulsion polymerization because of the highly stable monomer emulsions formed by mixtures produced according to the invention.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a method for making amides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl,R.sub.3 is straight-chain or branched alkyl or unsubstituted or substituted aryl, andR.sub.4 is hydrogen or straight-chain or branched unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, which comprises reacting an ester of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, with heating and under autogenous pressure, in a homogeneous phase, with an amine of the formula ##STR3## said amine being present in an amount which is stoichiometrically deficient up to an amount which is in small stoichiometric excess with respect to said ester.

Abstract: What is disclosed is the method for making an N-substituted acrylamide or an N-substituted methacrylamide which comprises reacting an alkyl ester of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid with an aliphatic amine or with an aromatic amine at a temperature between 50.degree. C. and 180.degree. C. in the presence of a catalytic amount of a dialkyl tin oxide.