Abstract: In the conventional discharge printing on polyamide fiber materials using acid dyes, above all, the very low wet and light fastness properties of the designs obtained in this manner are frequently an obstacle to the wide expansion of this interesting technique in practice. Applying this known patterning method for wool or nylon to resist prints made with reactive dyes being distinguished by better fastness level, does not always produce satisfactory white resist effects when, for example, sulfite compounds as the resist agent and reactive dyes having esterified .beta.-hydroxyethylsulfonyl groups as the reactive radical are taken into consideration; colored effects having a bright hue are not even possible at all in various cases.

Abstract: In order to counteract the electrolyte sensitivity of synthetic thickeners they are used together with natural thickeners. These mixtures are in turn associated with other problems which in many cases can lead to an impairment of the appearance of the goods in dyeings of polyester fibers with disperse dyestuffs.According to the invention these problems can be bypassed if the thickener dispersions, in addition to the thickener mixtures of synthetic and natural products, contain as the continuous phase solvents from the series of the alkyloxypropylates.

Abstract: The viscosity of aqueous printing inks for gravure printing is adjusted by means of partially organophilic gels which contain plastics mixtures of at least one polymer swelling in water and at least one polymer not swelling in water or to an insignificant extent only, in a solvent mixture of at least two hydrophilic organic hydroxy compounds and one hydrophobic organic hydroxy compound. The printing inks prepared with the aid of the thickener mixtures of the invention contain up to 90% of water, and can be handled as textile printing pastes.Gravure printing inks on the basis of such plastics gels containing disperse dyestuffs are suitable for the manufacture of transfer printing paper sheets. Since the thickening system adjusting the viscosity contains aqueous alcohols, if any, and no solvents as usual in transfer printing inks, no special measures have to be taken with respect to flammability and explosion risks.

Abstract: Color gaps in a product range of reactive dyestuffs are thought of in industry as disadvantageous. The reasons for the existence of gaps can be due to problems of synthesis and reproducibility and also to inadequate wear properties.In accordance with the invention, it has now been found that such missing shades can be dyed by means of mixtures of reactive dyestuffs containing at least two reactive groups and water-soluble, non-reactive dyestuffs containing at least one reactive hydrogen atom. When dyestuff combinations of this type are applied to fibers containing hydroxyl and/or carboxamide groups, the reactive dyestuff fulfills the function of a linking member between the fiber and the non-reactive shading dyestuff, as a result of which a homopolar bond is formed, and this results in very fast dyeings and prints, while at the same time building up the desired shade.

Abstract: The viscosity of aqueous printing inks for gravure printing is adjusted by means of partially organophilic gels which contain plastics mixtures of at least one polymer swelling in water and at least one polymer not swelling in water or to an insignificant extent only, in a solvent mixture of at least two hydrophilic organic hydroxy compounds and one hydrophobic organic hydroxy compound. The printing inks prepared with the aid of the thickener mixtures of the invention contain up to 90% of water, and can be handled as textile printing pastes.Gravure printing inks on the basis of such plastics gels containing disperse dyestuffs are suitable for the manufacture of transfer printing paper sheets. Since the thickening system adjusting the viscosity contains aqueous alcohols, if any, and no solvents as usual in transfer printing inks, no special measures have to be taken with respect to flammability and explosion risks.

Abstract: Polyester fiber materials are colored by contacting them with aqueous compositions containing an organic pigment or a vat dyestuff or both and an oxpropylate of a mono- to hexahydric alkanol of 2 to 6 carbon atoms (containing 20 to 60 propylene oxide units) and fixing in a manner which is common for polyester. The colorations are fast to migration, especially to bleeding into PVC-coatings.

Abstract: Polyglycol esters which can be obtained by partially esterifying an oxalkylate of 1,1,1-trimethylolethane or pentaerythritol with a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in the molar ratio of from 2:1 to 4:1 with sub-stoichiometrical amounts of a carboxylic acid having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms or an acylating derivative of such a carboxylic acid may be used as surface-active agents. The polyglycol esters increase and/or stabilize the viscosity of aqueous systems and are also suitable as emulsifying agents.

Abstract: Textile materials containing cellulose and synthetic fibers can be colored by impregnating or printing them with an aqueous composition containing an organic colorant, a surface-active agent, a carrier of limited water-solubility, an organic solvent and a thickener and completing the coloration procedure in usual manner. If the organic solvent is water-soluble then no carrier is necessary.

Abstract: A process for the pad-dyeing or printing of textile material consisting of cellulose and polyester fibers with fiber-reactive and dispersion dyestuffs which comprises printing or padding the textile material with a printing paste or padding liquor which contains besides the usual printing auxiliaries and the dyestuffs mentioned an alkali salt of the formic acid as well as carriers, levelling and/or dispersing agents, fixing the dyestuffs by dry heat at temperatures above 150.degree.C or by hot steam at temperatures above 140.degree.C, and completing the prints or pad dyeings in usual manner.