Abstract: A multi-level converter can include: a switch capacitor circuit having M flying capacitors and 2*(M+1) transistors, where M is a positive integer; an inductive element; a balance circuit coupled to a common node of the switch capacitor circuit and the inductive element; and where the balance sub-circuit includes at least one balance sub-circuit, a balance switch, and a balance capacitor, and where the flying capacitor and the balance capacitor are coupled to each other in one of series and parallel connections by controlling the balance switch to selectively to be turned on and off.

Abstract: A multi-level converter can include: a switch capacitor circuit having M flying capacitors and 2*(M+1) transistors, where M is a positive integer; an inductive element; a balance circuit coupled to a common node of the switch capacitor circuit and the inductive element, and including a balance switch and a balance capacitor; and where after a voltage of the balance capacitor is adjusted to a preset value, the flying capacitor and the flying capacitor are coupled to each other in one of series and parallel connections by controlling the balance switch to be selectively turned on and off.

Abstract: A method of synchronous monitoring for a battery management system, where the battery management system includes a battery pack having a plurality of batteries coupled in series, can include: obtaining two measurement results representing a state parameter of a battery at a same time; and determining a final result, where a first of the two measurement results is a main measurement result and a second of the two measurement results is an auxiliary measurement result, and the main measurement result is configured as the final result.

Abstract: A charging circuit can include: a first module having a plurality of power transistors, and being coupled between a first port and a reference ground; a second module having a plurality of power transistors, and being coupled between a second port and the reference ground; at least one inductor coupled between the first module and the second module; and where at least one of the first module and the second module forms a multi-level converter with the at least one inductor.

Abstract: A charging circuit can include: a linear regulator configured to receive an external input source; a charge pump coupled between the linear regulator and a charging terminal, where the charging terminal is coupled to a battery; and a control circuit configured to generate a first control signal according to a current sampling signal representing a charging current of the battery and a voltage sampling signal representing a charging voltage of the battery, in order to control the linear regulator, such that at least one of the charging current and the charging voltage meet charging requirements.

Abstract: A charging circuit can include: a first port for receiving a first input source; a second port coupled to a second input source or an external device; and a power stage circuit configured to operate as a charge pump in a first state, and to operate as a hybrid switching converter in a second state, where the hybrid switching converter and the charge pump share at least part of a plurality of power switches.

Abstract: A method for dynamically monitoring a capacity of a battery includes estimating a first voltage threshold of the battery that is being discharged, wherein the first voltage threshold corresponds to a low capacity of the battery, and measuring a present voltage and a present current of the discharging battery. The method further includes re-scaling the present current based on the estimated first voltage threshold and the measured present voltage of the discharging battery, and calculating, based on re-scaling the measured present current, the battery's capacity before the present voltage level decreases below the first voltage threshold.

Abstract: A method for dynamically monitoring a capacity of a battery includes estimating a first voltage threshold of the battery that is being discharged, wherein the first voltage threshold corresponds to a low capacity of the battery, and measuring a present voltage and a present current of the discharging battery. The method further includes re-scaling the present current based on the estimated first voltage threshold and the measured present voltage of the discharging battery, and calculating, based on re-scaling the measured present current, the battery's capacity before the present voltage level decreases below the first voltage threshold.

Abstract: A method for dynamically monitoring a capacity of a battery includes estimating a first voltage threshold of the battery that is being discharged, wherein the first voltage threshold corresponds to a low capacity of the battery, and measuring a present voltage and a present current of the discharging battery. The method further includes re-scaling the present current based on the estimated first voltage threshold and the measured present voltage of the discharging battery, and calculating, based on re-scaling the measured present current, the battery's capacity before the present voltage level decreases below the first voltage threshold.

Abstract: A method for dynamically monitoring a capacity of a battery includes estimating a first voltage threshold of the battery that is being discharged, wherein the first voltage threshold corresponds to a low capacity of the battery, and measuring a present voltage and a present current of the discharging battery. The method further includes re-scaling the present current based on the estimated first voltage threshold and the measured present voltage of the discharging battery, and calculating, based on re-scaling the measured present current, the battery's capacity before the present voltage level decreases below the first voltage threshold.

Abstract: A capacitor charging circuit is provided with a primary side output voltage sensing circuit for generating a control signal indicative of whether the output voltage has reached a desired level. The control signal is unaffected by voltage spikes occurring when the main switch is turned off. In one embodiment, the circuit filters the primary side voltage for comparison to a reference voltage in order to provide the control signal. In another embodiment, an AND gate provides the control signal indicating that the output voltage has reached the desired level only in response to the primary side voltage being greater than a reference voltage and the secondary current being discontinuous. In a further embodiment, an AND gate provides the control signal indicating that the output voltage has reached the desired levels only in response to a predetermined delay occurring after the primary side voltage becomes greater than a reference voltage and the secondary current being discontinuous.

Abstract: A capacitor charging circuit is provided with a primary side output voltage sensing circuit for generating a control signal indicative of whether the output voltage has reached a desired level. The control signal is unaffected by voltage spikes occurring when the main switch is turned off. In one embodiment, the circuit filters the primary side voltage for comparison to a reference voltage in order to provide the control signal. In another embodiment, an AND gate provides the control signal indicating that the output voltage has reached the desired level only in response to the primary side voltage being greater than a reference voltage and the secondary current being discontinuous. In a further embodiment, an AND gate provides the control signal indicating that the output voltage has reached the desired levels only in response to a predetermined delay occurring after the primary side voltage becomes greater than a reference voltage and the secondary current being discontinuous.

Abstract: A conductive layer having a plurality dimples is provided for interconnecting a power device chip and a driver circuit for driving and controlling the power device chip within a power module. A plurality of concave-shaped dimples of the conductive layer form an electrical contact with the power device chip, and at least one convex-shaped dimple of the conductive layer forms an electrical contact with the driver circuit. Optionally, a group of through-holes are formed around each of the dimples.