Abstract: Glass sheets with high refractive indexes (nd), layer composite assemblies including the glass sheets, methods for manufacturing the glass sheets, and methods of using the glass sheets are all provided. The glass sheets can be processed in a glass sheet manufacturing process and nevertheless have the optical properties of a classical optical glass. The glass sheets of the are highly transparent, resistant to crystallization, chemically resistant and highly refractive. The glass sheets have a viscosity-temperature behavior that is adapted to the manufacturing procedure with glass sheet manufacturing processes.

Abstract: Glass sheets with high refractive indexes (nd), layer composite assemblies including the glass sheets, methods for manufacturing the glass sheets, and methods of using the glass sheets are all provided. The glass sheets can be processed in a glass sheet manufacturing process and nevertheless have the optical properties of a classical optical glass. The glass sheets of the are highly transparent, resistant to crystallization, chemically resistant and highly refractive. The glass sheets have a viscosity-temperature behavior that is adapted to the manufacturing procedure with glass sheet manufacturing processes.

Abstract: An optical glass is provided. The optical glass is suitable for use in optical elements including lenses, prisms, light guide rods, arrays, optical fibers, gradient components and optical windows in the fields of imaging, sensor technology, microscopy, medical technology, digital projection, telecommunication, optical messaging technology/information transmission, optics/illumination in the automotive sector, for solar technology, photolithography, steppers, excimer lasers, wafers, computer chips and/or integrated circuits and electronic instruments which contain such circuits and chips. The optical glass contains the components La2O3, B2O3, GeO2, HfO2 and In2O3 and in which the following components are present in the following proportions, in % by weight on an oxide basis: SiO2O2 1-8; Sb2O3 0-<2; SiO2+B2O3 1-<20; and SiO2+B2O3+GeO2+HfO2+In2O3 15-25.

Abstract: Glass sheets with high refractive indexes (nd), layer composite assemblies including the glass sheets, methods for manufacturing the glass sheets, and methods of using the glass sheets are all provided. The glass sheets can be processed in a glass sheet manufacturing process and nevertheless have the optical properties of a classical optical glass. The glass sheets of the are highly transparent, resistant to crystallization, chemically resistant and highly refractive. The glass sheets have a viscosity-temperature behavior that is adapted to the manufacturing procedure with glass sheet manufacturing processes.

Abstract: Glass sheets with high refractive indexes (nd), layer composite assemblies including the glass sheets, methods for manufacturing the glass sheets, and methods of using the glass sheets are all provided. The glass sheets can be processed in a glass sheet manufacturing process and nevertheless have the optical properties of a classical optical glass. The glass sheets of the are highly transparent, resistant to crystallization, chemically resistant and highly refractive. The glass sheets have a viscosity-temperature behavior that is adapted to the manufacturing procedure with glass sheet manufacturing processes.

Abstract: An optical glass is provided. The optical glass is suitable for use in optical elements including lenses, prisms, light guide rods, arrays, optical fibres, gradient components and optical windows in the fields of imaging, sensor technology, microscopy, medical technology, digital projection, telecommunication, optical messaging technology/information transmission, optics/illumination in the automotive sector, for solar technology, photolithography, steppers, excimer lasers, wafers, computer chips and/or integrated circuits and electronic instruments which contain such circuits and chips. The optical glass contains the components La2O3, B2O3, GeO2, HfO2 and In2O3 and in which the following components are present in the following proportions, in % by weight on an oxide basis: SiO2O2 1-8; Sb2O3 0-<2; SiO2+B2O3 1-<20; and SiO2+B2O3+GeO2+HfO2+In2O3 15-25.

Abstract: Transparent layer composite assemblies are provided that are suitable for use in solar modules and light emitting diodes, as well as methods for producing such layer composite assemblies and to the uses thereof. The layer composite assemblies have substrate materials that make it possible to increase the luminous efficiency of light emitting diodes and the efficiency of solar modules.

Abstract: The space glasses have a composition, in wt. % based on oxide content, including SiO2, 12-45; B2O3, 0-4; Al2O3, 0-4; TiO2, 0-5; PbO, 50-82; Na2O, 0-4; K2O, 0-8; and at least 0.1 wt. % of a total amount of at least three doping agents selected from CeO2, MoO3, Bi2O3, WO3, Ag2O, SnO2, Sb2O3 and As2O3. Light-weight and space-saving optical systems for outer space applications can be made with these space glasses, which have high UV- and VIS-transmittance and high transmittance stability, because of their high radiation resistance based on their dopant content. A preferred process for making the space glass includes melting the above-stated oxide ingredients in a quartz crucible at 1050° C. to 1200° C. to form a melt and refining the melt at 1230° C. to 1350° C.

Abstract: The space glass has a composition, in wt. % based on oxide content, of: SiO2, 5-65; B2O3, 0-40; Al2O3, 0-12; PbO, 25-50; Na2O 0-8; K2O, 0-20; ? alkali metal oxides, at least 0.25; and at least 0.1 wt. % of a total amount of three or more doping agents selected from CeO2, MoO3, Bi2O3, WO3, Ag2O, SnO2, Sb2O3 and As2O3. In addition, it contains one or more of the following doping agents in the following amounts: at most 1 wt. %, CeO2; at most 0.02 wt. %, As2O3; at most 0.3 wt. %, Sb2O3; and at most 0.5 wt. %, SnO2. Light-weight optical systems for space are made from it, because of its high radiation resistance. A preferred process for making space glass includes melting the oxide starting ingredients at 1050° C. to 1200° C. to form a melt and refining the melt at 1230° C. to 1350° C.

Abstract: The lead-free and arsenic-free optical glasses have a refractive index of 1.83?nd?1.95 and an Abbé number of 24??d?35, good chemical resistance, excellent crystallization stability and a composition, in wt. % based on oxide content, of SiO2, 2-8; B2O3, 15-22; La2O3, 35-42; ZnO, 10-18; TiO2, 9-15; ZrO2, 3-10; Nb2O5, 4-10; and WO3, >0.5-3. Besides containing at most 5 wt. % of each of GeO2, Ag2O and BaO and conventional fining agents, they may also contain at most in total 5 wt. % of Al2O3, MgO, CaO, SrO, P2O5 and up to at most in total 5 wt. % of the components F, Ta2O5. The glasses are preferably free of alkali metal oxides, Bi2O3, Y2O3, Gd2O3 and/or Yb2O3. Optical elements made from the optical glass are also described.

Abstract: In the method and system for producing glass reduction of reduction-sensitive ingredients in the glass is reduced or preferably is avoided during the melting and fining processes. The glass preferably has a high refractive index. During the process an oxidizing agent is inducted into a fining vessel and preferably also into a melt crucible made of a slit skull that is cooled by a cooling agent. The oxidizing agent is preferably oxygen. Furthermore a system for conducting the method is also described.

Abstract: In the apparatus for producing glass reduction of reduction-sensitive components in the glass melt is reduced or preferably is prevented during the melting and/or fining processes by introducing an oxidizing agent into the glass melt. The apparatus has a melt crucible, a fining vessel, and a device for conducting oxygen and/or ozone into the glass melt in the melt crucible and/or fining vessel, in order to suppress reduction of reduction-sensitive components of the glass melt. A preferred embodiment of the apparatus has a metallic skull crucible, which includes the melt crucible and/or the fining vessel. The apparatus preferably includes a homogenization unit connected to the fining vessel to receive glass melt from the fining vessel in order to further process the glass melt after refining.

Abstract: The lead- and arsenic-free optical glass has a refractive index nd of 1.55?nd?1.64, an Abbe number ?d of 42??d?65, and a low transition temperature Tg?460° C., good producibility and processability, and crystallization stability. The optical glass has a composition within the following range, in wt. % based on oxide content: P2O5 40-58 ZnO 20-34 Li2O 0.5-5?? GeO2 0.1-11. The glass may also have a total content of SiO2, B2O3 and Al2O3 that is less than 9 wt. %. The glass may contain MgO, SrO, CaO and BaO, but the sum of these oxides is preferably at least 2 wt. % and at most 12 wt. %. The glass may contain at most 5 wt. % of each of La2O3, TiO2, Nb2O5, at most 2 wt. % Ta2O5 and less than 1 wt. % fluorine.

Abstract: The optical glasses designated to be used in the areas of imaging, sensors, microscopy, medical technology, digital projection, photolithography, laser technology, wafer/chip technology as well as telecommunications, optical communications engineering and optics/illumination in the automotive sector with a refractive index nd of 1.60?nd?1.72 and/or an Abbe number vd of 32?vd?45 and with a Tg of 567° C. to 640° C., pronounced short flint character, good chemical resistance, excellent resistance to crystallization, good solarization stability and the following composition (in % by weight based on oxides): SiO2 30-45 B2O3 ?8-12 Na2O ?8-15 CaO 0.1-7?? ZnO 0 ? 5 ZrO2 10-20 Nb2O5 12-24 Ta2O5 0 ? 9 AgO ?0 ? 5.

Abstract: In the process of producing a glass, a glass melt is formed from an initial glass batch, an inorganic or organic peroxide is include in the glass melt as a refining agent in an amount suitable for refining, and then the glass melt is refined at a refining temperature equal to or greater than a decomposition temperature of the inorganic or organic peroxide. The inorganic peroxides used in the glass-making process only include cations that are already present in components of the initial glass batch. The organic peroxides used in the glass-making process are chosen so that the organic residue remaining in the melt after release of oxygen is decomposed to volatile water and CO2.

Abstract: The optical glasses have increased refractive indices and are useful for making space-saving and light-weight imaging optics with lenses of different glass types for use in different objects travelling in space. The optical glasses are suitable for production of optics having low total weight, which is decisive for space applications. These space glasses have high UV- and VIS-transmittance in a range of between 300 and 800 nm and high stability of transmittance over a period of years, because their aging has been greatly limited.

Abstract: The optical glasses have increased refractive indices and are useful for making space-saving and light-weight imaging optics with lenses of different glass types for use in different objects travelling in space. The optical glasses are suitable for production of optics having low total weight, which is decisive for space applications. These space glasses have high UV- and VIS-transmittance in a range of between 300 and 800 nm and high stability of transmittance over a period of years, because their aging has been greatly limited.

Abstract: The thin-film solar cell includes at least one Na2O-containing multicomponent substrate glass, which is not phase demixed and has a content of ?-OH of from 25 to 89 mmol/l. The process for making a thin-film solar cell includes the following steps: a) providing an Na2O-containing multicomponent substrate glass, which has a content of ?-OH of from 25 to 80 mmol/l and is not phase demixed; b) applying a metal layer to the substrate glass, which forms an electrical back contact of the thin-film solar cell; c) applying an intrinsically p-conducting polycrystalline layer of a compound semiconductor material, in particular a CIGS compound semiconductor material, which includes at least one high-temperature step at a temperature of >550° C.; and d) applying a p/n junction.

Abstract: The thin-film solar cell includes at least one Na2O-containing multicomponent substrate glass. The substrate glass contains less than 1% by weight of B2O3, less than 1% by weight of BaO and a total of less than 3% by weight of CaO+SrO+ZnO, the molar ratio of the substrate glass components, (Na2O+K2O)/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO), is greater than 0.95, the molar ratio of the substrate glass components SiO2/Al2O3 is less than 7 and the substrate glass has a glass transition temperature Tg of greater than 550° C., in particular greater than 600° C. The thin-film solar cells made with this substrate glass have improved efficiencies in comparison to thin-film solar cells of the prior art.

Abstract: In the apparatus for producing glass reduction of reduction-sensitive components in the glass melt is reduced or preferably is prevented during the melting and/or fining processes by introducing an oxidizing agent into the glass melt. The apparatus has a melt crucible, a fining vessel, and a device for conducting oxygen and/or ozone into the glass melt in the melt crucible and/or fining vessel, in order to suppress reduction of reduction-sensitive components of the glass melt. A preferred embodiment of the apparatus has a metallic skull crucible, which includes the melt crucible and/or the fining vessel. The apparatus preferably includes a homogenization unit connected to the fining vessel to receive glass melt from the fining vessel in order to further process the glass melt after refining.