Abstract: A method of propagating data packets in a network of nodes is disclosed. The method, implemented at one of the nodes, includes: generating at least one data packet of a first type; collecting a set of data packets of the first type during a first time period, the set including the at least one generated data packet and one data packet of the first type received from one or more first nodes in the network; and for each data packet in the set: randomly select two or more neighbouring nodes connected to said one of the nodes; transmit, to each of the two or more selected neighbouring nodes: the data packet, wherein the two or more selected neighbouring nodes are configured to relay the data packet to one or more second nodes in the network using a mode of data propagation arbitrarily selected for that neighbouring node.

Abstract: A method for decision-making on a blockchain includes receiving first public keys from participants, where the first public keys are related to first private keys. The first public keys are combined to generate second public keys, where the second public keys are decisions based on selections among the participants. Third public keys, which correspond to the second public keys, are communicated to the participants. A voting blockchain transaction is generated, where an input script is executed by using a digital signature that corresponds to each participant's first private key, which corresponds to a participant's selection. Output of the voting transaction is a script that represents a decision based on the participants' selections. A payment blockchain transaction is generated, where execution of an output of the payment transaction requires a digital signature that corresponds to a third public key, which corresponds to the decision of the voting transaction.

Abstract: A method for propagating data packets in a network of nodes is disclosed.

Abstract: Techniques are presented to enable recovery of one or more digital assets held on a blockchain after a private key is lost. The computer implemented method comprises setting access for the one or more digital assets held on the blockchain under the public key Pk and accessible using the corresponding private key Sk of the user such that the one or more digital assets are also accessible using a private key x shared by a congress on the blockchain network, each member of the congress having a private key share xi to be used in a threshold signature scheme used to generate a valid signature. As a result of the private key Sk being lost, the congress accesses the one or more digital assets on behalf of the user in response to the user proving their identity to the congress by providing a recovery password.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method to participate in a token transfer process for transferring a first quantity of token from a sender node to a recipient node using a blockchain is disclosed. The method comprising: joining a token transfer process as a participating node in the indirect anonymous transfer protocol; obtaining a list of indirect token transactions for which the first node is either an input node or an output node for in the indirect anonymous transfer protocol; generating, in collaboration with other participating nodes of the indirect anonymous transfer protocol, a commitment channel between the first node and each of the other participating nodes for which an indirect token transaction identified in the list obtained by the first node, and collaborating with all the other participating nodes and executing the indirect token transactions in which the first node is involved, using the generated commitment channels.

Abstract: A method of controlling and coordinating of processing steps in a distributed system is disclosed. The method may be implemented by a node in a cyclically ordered set of nodes in a blockchain network. The method includes receiving, from an immediately subsequent node, values corresponding to combinations of possible outcomes of processing steps associated with nodes from that node to a node preceding a supervisor node. The values are based on public keys associated with the nodes corresponding to possible outputs and the supervisor's public key. State values are generated based on the values and public keys corresponding to the possible outcomes further to a processing step of the node shared with the supervisor and a previous node. A blockchain transaction is prepared to transmit control of a resource from the node to the subsequent node upon supply of unlocking values corresponding to the received values.

Abstract: A blockchain that can be used to generate an immutable transaction history of data produced by the set of digital twins. In the case of an error or failure, parties of interest can then access and analyze an immutable record of data. The invention may be used in conjunction with the Bitcoin blockchain or another blockchain protocol.

Abstract: A method of propagating data packets in a network of nodes is disclosed. The method, implemented at one of the nodes, includes: collecting a set of first data packets during a first time period, the set including at least one data packet received from one or more first nodes in the network; obtaining a plurality of encoded data packets, each one of the plurality of encoded data packets being generated by combining two or more first data packets of the set using network coding; determining a mapping of the plurality of encoded data packets and the first data packets of the set to one or more neighbouring nodes connected to the node; and transmitting the plurality of encoded data packets and the first data packets of the set to the one or more neighbouring nodes according to the determined mapping.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method to participate in a token transfer process for transferring a first quantity of token from a sender node to a recipient node using a blockchain is disclosed. The token transfer process includes a plurality of participating nodes and execution of a set of indirect token transactions between multiple pairs of the participating nodes.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for transmitting and/or submitting digital content such as feedback for an entity to a blockchain is disclosed. This may be, for example, the Bitcoin blockchain. The method, which is implemented at a first node, includes: submitting, to the blockchain, a first transaction for committing a first quantity of tokens to transfer to a second node associated with the entity, the first transaction having a first output; generating a first content for submission to the blockchain; and submitting, to the blockchain, a second transaction that returns a second quantity of the committed first quantity of tokens to an address associated with the first node, the second transaction having the first output of the first transaction as an input, wherein the first content is used to unlock the first output of the first transaction.

Abstract: An implementation of the present application provides a computer-implemented method to increase the security of a blockchain-implemented transaction, the transaction including participation from a plurality of participating nodes, each participating node participating as a message originator, selector, and propagator. The method, implemented at a participating node, includes: receiving ciphertext from a prior node and determining whether the participating node is a selector node for said ciphertext received from the prior node. When the participating node is the selector node for said ciphertext, the method includes selecting a subset of said ciphertext, decrypting the selected subset of said ciphertext to provide opted ciphertext and transmitting said opted ciphertext to the next node. When the participating node is other than the selector node for said ciphertext, the method includes decrypting said ciphertext received from the prior node and transmitting the decrypted ciphertext to the next node.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a process, an apparatus, and an article of manufacture for storing encrypted documents using a plurality of participating nodes that submit transactions to and/or retrieve transactions from a blockchain network. Functionality disclosed herein includes, but is not limited to, generating a collaborative public key with each of the participating nodes having a share of a corresponding collaborative private key, submitting, based on the collaborative public key and one or more shares of corresponding collaborative public keys, a respective encrypted document to a document repository, submitting a commitment transaction and a subsequent transaction associated with the encrypted document, and, at a future time, retrieving, based on a share of the collaborative public key, a set of subsequent transactions to generate a collective private key and decrypt the encrypted document.

Abstract: A method for propagating data packets in a network of nodes is disclosed. The method includes collecting a set of first data packets during a first period from peer nodes in the network of time; determining an available bandwidth in the links of network nodes to a plurality of neighbouring nodes connected to the network node; assigning mappings for first data packets for relay to one or more neighbouring nodes. Based on a bandwidth, determine a range of possible values for peer nodes to which the first data packet is assigned for mappings; then selecting a number in the determined range to set as a first number of peer nodes to set a first length of time delay in relaying the first data packet to one or more peer nodes; and transmitting the first data packets of the set to the plurality of neighbouring nodes according to the mapping.

Abstract: This specification describes a system and method that enables multiple blockchain users to exchange their transactions before diffusion over the blockchain network in order to blur the link between the IP address of the transaction generated by a user and the user's blockchain address in the transaction. The system and method provide a technical solution to exchange transactions directly off-chain. Participants in the method agree to make deposits and alter their transaction in such a way that a refund and compensation scheme put in place automatically relies on the confirmations in the blockchain of the transactions exchanged among participants thus providing increased security as well as anonymity. The method scales for an arbitrary number (n>2) of participants.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method to participate in a token transfer process for transferring a first quantity of token from a sender node to a recipient node using a blockchain is disclosed. The method comprising: joining a token transfer process as a participating node in the indirect anonymous transfer protocol; obtaining a list of indirect token transactions for which the first node is either an input node or an output node for in the indirect anonymous transfer protocol; generating, in collaboration with other participating nodes of the indirect anonymous transfer protocol, a commitment channel between the first node and each of the other participating nodes for which an indirect token transaction identified in the list obtained by the first node, and collaborating with all the other participating nodes and executing the indirect token transactions in which the first node is involved, using the generated commitment channels.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for transmitting and/or submitting digital content such as feedback for an entity to a blockchain is disclosed. This may be, for example, the Bitcoin blockchain. The method, which is implemented at a first node, includes: submitting, to the blockchain, a first transaction for committing a first quantity of tokens to transfer to a second node associated with the entity, the first transaction having a first output; generating a first content for submission to the blockchain; and submitting, to the blockchain, a second transaction that returns a second quantity of the committed first quantity of tokens to an address associated with the first node, the second transaction having the first output of the first transaction as an input, wherein the first content is used to unlock the first output of the first transaction.

Abstract: A method for decision-making on a blockchain comprising receiving first public keys from participants, wherein each first public key represents a selection and is related to a first private key. The first public keys are combined to generate second public keys representing decisions based on selections among the participants. Third public keys, corresponding to the second public keys, are communicated to the participants. A voting blockchain transaction is generated, with the input being a script executable by using a digital signature corresponding to each participant's first private key. Each first private key corresponds to a participant's selection. Output of the voting transaction is a script representing a decision based on the participants' selections. A payment blockchain transaction is generated, wherein execution of an output of the payment transaction requires a digital signature corresponding to a third public key corresponding to the decision of the voting transaction.

Abstract: A blockchain-implemented transaction from an originator node is to be broadcast. The originator node is communicatively coupled to proxy nodes. The method, implemented by a proxy node, includes: receiving a transaction including an input taking x+r units of computing resources, an output providing x units to the output address and another output providing d+r units to a 1-of-n multi-signature address unlockable by any one of a set of private keys associated the proxy nodes. The proxy node selects a quantity of computing resources, t units, to be allocated to the proxy node for broadcasting the transaction and having it included in the blockchain and generates a further transaction taking d+r units sourced from the multi-signature address and an output providing t units to the proxy node. The proxy node broadcasts both transactions timed to permit their inclusion in the same block of the blockchain.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method to participate in a token transfer process for transferring a first quantity of token from a sender node to a recipient node using a blockchain is disclosed. The token transfer process includes a plurality of participating nodes and execution of a set of indirect token transactions between multiple pairs of the participating nodes. The method is implemented at a participating node performing steps of obtaining a subset of the indirect token transactions for which the participating node is either an input node or an output node, collaborating with a respective second participating node included in each indirect token transaction of the subset to generate a commitment channel for the indirect token transaction between the participating node and a second participating node, and collaborating with all other participating nodes in executing the indirect token transactions of the subset using the generated commitment channels.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method to participate in a token transfer process for transferring a first quantity of token from a sender node to a recipient node using a blockchain is disclosed. The method comprising: joining a token transfer process as a participating node in the indirect anonymous transfer protocol; obtaining a list of indirect token transactions for which the first node is either an input node or an output node for in the indirect anonymous transfer protocol; generating, in collaboration with other participating nodes of the indirect anonymous transfer protocol, a commitment channel between the first node and each of the other participating nodes for which an indirect token transaction identified in the list obtained by the first node, and collaborating with all the other participating nodes and executing the indirect token transactions in which the first node is involved, using the generated commitment channels.