Abstract: The invention refers to a device for inhibiting the neural activity of a carotid sinus nerve (CSN) or carotid body of a subject, the device comprising: one or more transducers configured to apply a signal to the CSN or associated carotid body of the subject, optionally at least two such transducers; and a controller coupled to the one or more transducers, the controller controlling the signal to be applied by the one or more transducers, such that the signal inhibits the neural activity of the CSN or carotid body to produce a physiological response in the subject, wherein the physiological response is one or more of the group consisting of: an increase in insulin sensitivity in the subject, an increase in glucose tolerance in the subject, a decrease in (fasting) plasma glucose concentration in the subject, a reduction in subcutaneous fat content in the subject, and a reduction in obesity in the subject.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treatment using a solid oral pharmaceutical dosage form comprising an opioid receptor antagonist for use in the treatment of opioid induced constipation comprising the opioid antagonist equivalent to 24 mg of naloxone hydrochloride as twice daily formulation or equivalent to 48 mg of naloxone hydrochloride as once daily formulation, characterized in that the opioid antagonist has a rapid first pass metabolism with a plasma half-life of 2 hours or less in humans within the first 3 hours of oral administration of a solution, wherein the steady state pharmacokinetics result in a constant level of naloxone in the bloodstream, wherein the pharmacokinetics are independent of whether the dosage is administered once or twice daily, wherein the oral dosage form releases the opioid antagonist in a prolonged manner, wherein the in vitro release rate of the opioid antagonist measured using the paddle stirrer method according to Ph. Eur. at 75 rpm in 1000 ml 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid oral pharmaceutical composition comprising naloxone, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, as an active substance, wherein the composition releases the active substance in a prolonged manner. In order to provide a composition that is suitable for an administration period of at least twelve-hours for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation, it is proposed that the composition should have an in vitro release rate of the active substance measured using the paddle stirrer method according to Ph. Eur. at 75 rpm in 500 ml 0.1 N hydrochloric acid at 37° C., of 0% to 75% in 2 h, of 3% to 95 % in 4 h, of 20% to 100% in 10 h, of 30% to 100% in 16 h, of 50% to 100% in 24 h, and of more than 80% in 36 h, wherein the composition has a IC50/Cmax value of at least 40. In an alternative embodiment, the composition can be a multilayer tablet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treatment using a solid oral pharmaceutical dosage form comprising an opioid receptor antagonist for use in the treatment of opioid induced constipation comprising the opioid antagonist equivalent to 24 mg of naloxone hydrochloride as twice daily formulation or equivalent to 48 mg of naloxone hydrochloride as once daily formulation, characterized in that the opioid antagonist has a rapid first pass metabolism with a plasma half-life of 2 hours or less in humans within the first 3 hours of oral administration of a solution, wherein the steady state pharmacokinetics result in a constant level of naloxone in the bloodstream, wherein the pharmacokinetics are independent of whether the dosage is administered once or twice daily, wherein the oral dosage form releases the opioid antagonist in a prolonged manner, wherein the in vitro release rate of the opioid antagonist measured using the paddle stirrer method according to Ph. Eur. at 75 rpm in 1000 ml 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an opioid receptor antagonist, or a derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as an active substance, wherein the composition releases the active substance in a prolonged manner. The composition that is suitable for an administration period of at least twelve-hours for the treatment of severe opioid-induced constipation in patients receiving a daily dosage of opioid equivalent to at least 80 mg of morphine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a ?-receptor antagonist as an active substance, wherein the antagonist is prepared in an extended release formulation. The composition is intended for the treatment of patients with opioid-induced constipation, wherein the dosage of the ?-receptor agonist is independent of the opioid dosage. The preferred dosage of the ?-receptor antagonist of the composition is equivalent to a daily dosage of 20-70 mg naloxone.