Abstract: A sizing agent for carbon fibers and glass fibers is based on an aqueous dispersion containing an epoxy resin and from 5 to 40% by weight, based on the epoxy resin, of a nonionic emulsifier containing teritary amino groups and/or ether linkages and at least one functional radical capable of reaction with the epoxy resin, preferably a glycidyl radical, and also at least one emulsifying radical which preferably carries a polyethylene glycol group in the terminal position.

Abstract: A size for carbon fibers and glass fibers comprises an epoxy resin and a polyester with a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic moiety in the molecule.

Abstract: Moulding composition comprising from 10 to 50% by weight of a mixture of a first polyester obtained by polycondensation of an alkylene glycol with maleic and/or fumaric acid and a second polyester obtained by polycondensation of an alkylene glycol with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or a mixture thereof with maleic and/or fumaric acid, the first polyester being present in an amount of from 5 to 50 parts by weight for each 100 parts by weight of the sum of the first and second polyesters, from 0.2 to 2% by weight of an organic peroxide having a decomposition temperature above 70.degree. C., and one or more inert fillers.The composition can be formed into free-flowing granules, free from a tendency to agglomerate, and can be moulded by injection moulding like thermoplastic materials.

Abstract: A granular thermosetting novolak resin composition free from a tendency to release dust during handling and transformable into molded articles free from surface defects, is obtained by forming the composition into granules of from 2 to 9 mm in size, mixing said granules with 0.7-2.5 wt. % of a liquid mixture of acetone and polymers of alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids, and drying the thus impregnated granules.

Abstract: A composition hardenable by means of ultra-violet radiations, which comprises (a) an unsaturated epoxy resin ester obtained by reacting an epoxy or epoxy novolak resin with an unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms per molecule and with acrylic and/or methacrylic acid, the fatty acid being used in an amount of 20-80 moles for each 100 moles of the sum of the acids, (b) a mono- or poly-functional unsaturated monomer and (c) a photo-sensitive substance. The composition comprises 3-97 parts by weight of component (a) and 1.2-3.5 parts by weight of component (c) for each 100 parts by weight of the sum of components (a) and (b).

Abstract: Novolak phenolic resin compositions are formed into molding granules by homogenizing the composition above the melting point of the resin, calendering the homogenized composition with conversion into a coherent sheet, rolling the sheet between a pair of rollers, at least one of which is indented, to produce a coherent embossed sheet, fracturating the embossed sheet with separation of the granules having substantially the shape and size of the embossments, coating the granules with a phenolic compound and heat-treating the coated granules by flowing a stream of inert gas having a temperature not exceeding 130.degree. C.The resulting granules are free-flowing, free from a tendency to release dust and particularly suitable for injection molding.

Abstract: A granular thermosetting composition free from a tendency to release dust and transformable into molded articles free from surface defects, is obtained by forming the composition into granules of from 2 to 8 mm in size and mixing said granules with from 0.5 to 3 wt.% of one or more substances, in liquid form, chosen from acetone, phenol, aniline and reaction products of phenol with styrene.

Abstract: The stability under storage of unsaturated polyester resin compositions is improved by adding from 20 to 300 ppm, with respect to the unsaturated polyester resin, of one or more stabilizers chosen from halides of alkaline earth metals and halides of metals of Group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: A composition hardenable by means of organic peroxides, comprising an unsaturated epoxy resin and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the latter, said monomer being present in the composition in an amount of from 0.4 to 2 parts by weight for each part by weight of said resin, and said resin being the reaction product of an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or a monoester of an unsaturated bicarboxylic acid with the epoxidation product of epichlorohydrin and a novolak phenolic resin of the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein n has an average value of from 0.1 to 0.7.

Abstract: A hardenable composition comprising an unsaturated epoxy ester resin and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the latter, said monomer being present in the composition in an amount of from 0.4 to 2 parts by weight for each part by weight of said resin, and said resin being the reaction product of an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or a monoester of an unsaturated bicarboxylic acid with the epoxidation product of epichlorohydrin and a novolak phenolic resin of the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the methylene bridges being bonded to the central phenol ring in the ortho- positions in relation to the hydroxyl group, and to the other phenol rings in the ortho- or para- positions in relation to the hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A Novolak epoxy resin is prepared by adding an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide to a solution of Novolak phenolic resin in epichlorohydrin, distilling off water during said addition in the form of an azeotrope with epichlorohydrin and recycling the latter, while maintaining the reaction medium at 60-80.degree. C and at a pH between 7 and 8 and a water content of from 0.5 to 2.5 wt.% in said medium.The thermosetting resin thus obtained can be used in applications requiring resins with low chlorine contents, low viscosity and high epoxy value.

Abstract: A liquid epoxy resin is produced by gradually feeding an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide into a solution of bisphenol-A in epichlorohydrin, while maintaining the reaction medium at boiling point, distilling off water in the form of an azeotrope with epichlorohydrin and recycling the latter, and maintaining a water content of from 0.1 to 0.7 wt.% and a pH value between 7 and 9 in said reaction medium. The liquid epoxy resins thus obtained have low values of the viscosity, epoxy equivalent and hydrolyzable chlorine content.

Abstract: Fertilizers with a slow and controlled release of nitrogen are obtained by condensing urea with formaldehyde in three condensation stages carried out under well-determined conditions of pH, temperature and formaldehyde/urea molar ratio and up to well-determined viscosities of the resulting product. The first stage is carried out in the presence of methanol, the second stage after addition of formic acid and the third stage after neutralization and addition of a further amount of urea. The condensation stages are followed by a terminal heat-treatment at 200.degree.-400.degree. C for 0.5 to 5 minutes.

Abstract: Petroleum resins are prepared by subjecting to pre-polymerization a hydrocarbon fraction containing olefins and diolefins, having a boiling range of from 30.degree. to 300.degree. C, in the presence of activated clays, recovering from the pre-polymerization products a selected hydrocarbon fraction having a boiling point not exceeding 250.degree. C, mixing this selected fraction with a hydrocarbon fraction containing unsaturated hydrocarbons with an average of 5 carbon atoms per molecule, subjecting the resulting mixture to polymerization in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst and recovering the petroleum resins from the polymerization products. These petroleum resins form homogeneous mixtures with rubber.

Abstract: A thermosetting molding composition comprising from 15 to 50 wt.% of Novolak phenolic resin; from 3 to 10 wt.% of hexamine; from 1 to 4 wt.% of a stabilizing-catalyzing mixture consisting of an amine chosen from polyamino aliphatic compounds and mono or polyamino aromatic compounds, and orthoboric or metaboric acid, wherein the ratio between said amino groups and the number of acid equivalents in said mixture is from 0.001:1 to 0.3:1; from 0.5 to 2 wt.% of alkaline earth metal oxide; and one or more inert fillers. This composition is particularly suitable for the production of molded articles by injection molding.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyester resin compositions comprising:(a) an unsaturated polyester resin,(b) from 5 to 15 parts by weight for each 100 parts by weight of polyester resin (a), of vinyl chloride polymer, and(c) from 10 to 20 parts by weight for each 100 parts by weight of polyester resin (a), of an epoxy Novolak resin having an epoxy function higher than 2, or of a mixture of the latter with a liquid epoxy resin in such amount that the average epoxy function of the mixture be higher than 2. These compositions hardenable by means of peroxides have low shrinkage values on hardening and yield hardened products having high resistance to bending and to heat.

Abstract: Molding composition comprising from 10 to 50 wt.% of the polycondensation product of an alkylene glycol or a mixture of the latter with up to 20 wt.% of 2,2'-bis(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propane or a halogenated derivative thereof, with an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a saturated dicaboxylic acid, having a melting point of at least 60.degree. C, an acid value of less than 50 and a Gardner viscosity from Y to Z.sub.3, from 0.2 to 2 wt.% of organic peroxide with a decomposition temperature above 70.degree. C, and an inert filler. The resulting molded articles are particularly useful in the electrical and electronic fields.

Abstract: Molding composition comprising an inert filler, from 0.2 to 2 wt.% of an organic peroxide with a decomposition temperature above 70.degree. C, from 0.5 to 10 wt.% of an amide of an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, and from 10 to 50 wt.% of unsaturated polyester A and/or unsaturated polyester B, wherein said polyester A is the polycondensation product of 2,2'-bis(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propane or a halogenated derivative thereof with an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, and said polyester B is the polycondensation product of an alkylene glycol with an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a saturated dicarboxylic acid.The resulting molded articles are particularly useful in the electrical and electronic fields.

Abstract: Molding composition comprising from 10 to 50 wt.% of the polycondensation product of 2,2'-bis(4-hydroxycyclohexyl) propane or a halogenated derivative thereof, and maleic or fumaric acid, having a melting point above 70.degree. C, an acid value of less than 50 and a Gardener viscosity from Y to Z.sub.3, from 0.2 to 2 wt.% of an organic peroxide which decomposes at a temperature above 70.degree. C, and an inert filler.The resulting molded articles are particularly useful in the electrical and electronic fields.

Abstract: Vinylidene chloride polymers and copolymers are prepared by contacting vinylidene chloride monomer alone or in mixture with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers with a catalytic system consisting of an organic per-compound, an organic compound of zirconium or cobalt and an acid compound according to the definition of Bronsted and Lowry in an organic solvent medium.High yields and polymerization speeds are achieved at low polymerization temperatures (10.degree.-35.degree. C).