Abstract: A liquid storage system comprising: a tank for containing a liquid, the tank enclosing a liquid storage space; and a tank liner fixedly attached to an internal surface of the tank (16). The tank liner comprises: a plurality of elements, each element having a hardness value of 2 GPa or above; and a binder material in which the plurality of elements are embedded. The elements have a higher hardness value than the binder material. A distance between a first element and the internal surface of the tank in a direction normal to the internal surface of the tank is different to a distance between a second element and the internal surface of the tank in the direction normal to the internal surface of the tank, the first element being different to the second element.

Abstract: Armor comprising a container (2) containing a liquid (6), said container having a threat-facing wall (11) and at least one shock-reflecting layer (5) of material contained within the container (2), the shock-reflecting layer (5) having a shock impedance differing from the liquid (6) and being positioned at an angle to the threat-facing wall (11) whereby to reflect shock waves (8) created in the liquid by passage of a projectile (1) through the liquid back towards the projectile (1) and across the trajectory of the projectile whereby to induce tumbling of the projectile within the liquid.

Abstract: A liquid storage tank, for example an aircraft fuel tank, having a tank wall enclosing a liquid storage space, and a tie assembly located at least partially within the liquid storage space. The tie assembly includes an elongate member, for example a wire or cable, and a plurality of attachment devices fixed to an inner surface of the tank wall. The elongate member includes a plurality of spaced part points along its length, each of the spaced apart points being fixed to a respective attachment device such that the tie assembly resists outward deformation of the tank wall.

Abstract: Armour comprising a container (2) containing a liquid (6), said container having a threat-facing wall (11) and at least one shock-reflecting layer (5) of material contained within the container (2), the shock-reflecting layer (5) having a shock impedance differing from the liquid (6) and being positioned at an angle to the threat-facing wall (11) whereby to reflect shock waves (8) created in the liquid by passage of a projectile (1) through the liquid back towards the projectile (1) and across the trajectory of the projectile whereby to induce tumbling of the projectile within the liquid.

Abstract: A liquid storage system comprising: a tank for containing a liquid, the tank enclosing a liquid storage space; multiple layers of a fabric material; and attachment means attaching the multiple layers of the fabric material to an internal surface of the tank. The attachment means may comprise a non-permeable envelope attached to the internal surface of the tank. The multiple layers of the fabric material may be enclosed in the envelope such that the multiple layers of a fabric are isolated from a fluid in the tank. The envelope may contain a fluid (e.g. air) in addition to the multiple layers of the fabric material.

Abstract: Modular armour is provided. The armour comprises a series of regularly-shaped armour elements and corresponding anchor elements releasably to anchor the armour elements to a platform. Each anchor element comprises an armour engaging section extending between first and second ends thereof, the first end being engageable with an armour mount on the platform and the second end including means releasably to secure the armour element, while engaged with the anchor element, to the platform. The platform may be fixed or mobile and includes land, water-born and air vehicles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid storage system having an outer tank (e.g. an aircraft fuel tank) for containing a liquid (e.g. aircraft fuel), the outer tank enclosing a liquid storage space; an inner tank located within the outer tank and enclosing the liquid storage space; and at least one coupling element associated with the outer tank and the inner tank for maintaining the tanks in a spaced apart relationship; wherein the coupling element(s) is/are deformable such that, on application of a force to the inner tank, at least part of the inner tank moves relative to the outer tank.

Abstract: A liquid storage tank, for example an aircraft fuel tank, comprising a tank wall enclosing a liquid storage space, and a tie assembly located at least partially within the liquid storage space. The tie assembly comprises an elongate member, for example a wire or cable, and a plurality of attachment devices fixed to an inner surface of the tank wall. The elongate member includes a plurality of spaced part points along its length, each of the spaced apart points being fixed to a respective attachment device such that the tie assembly resists outward deformation of the tank wall.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid storage system comprising: an outer tank (e.g. an aircraft fuel tank) for containing a liquid (e.g. aircraft fuel), said outer tank enclosing a liquid storage space; an inner tank located within the outer tank and enclosing the liquid storage space; and spacing means associated with the outer tank and the inner tank for maintaining the tanks in a spaced apart relationship; wherein the spacing means are deformable such that, on application of a force to the inner tank, at least part of the inner tank moves relative to the outer tank.

Abstract: A liquid storage system comprising: a tank for containing a liquid, the tank enclosing a liquid storage space; multiple layers of a fabric material; and attachment means attaching the multiple layers of the fabric material to an internal surface of the tank. The attachment means may comprise a non-permeable envelope attached to the internal surface of the tank. The multiple layers of the fabric material may be enclosed in the envelope such that the multiple layers of a fabric are isolated from a fluid in the tank. The envelope may contain a fluid (e.g. air) in addition to the multiple layers of the fabric material.

Abstract: A liquid storage system comprising: a tank for containing a liquid, the tank enclosing a liquid storage space; and a tank liner fixedly attached to an internal surface of the tank (16). The tank liner comprises: a plurality of elements, each element having a hardness value of 2 GPa or above; and a binder material in which the plurality of elements are embedded. The elements have a higher hardness value than the binder material. A distance between a first element and the internal surface of the tank in a direction normal to the internal surface of the tank is different to a distance between a second element and the internal surface of the tank in the direction normal to the internal surface of the tank, the first element being different to the second element.