Abstract: The present invention provides methods and materials useful delivering liquids, including liquids comprising nucleic acid molecules into cells. In particular, the present invention provides methods for delivering saline solution, exogenous compositions, and isolated vectors to kidney cells, using the renal vein as a guide and under hydrodynamic pressure. The delivery methods and materials herein are useful to research, prognose, ameliorate symptoms of kidney injury, and treat kidney pathologies.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and materials useful delivering liquids, including liquids comprising nucleic acid molecules into cells. In particular, the present invention provides methods for delivering saline solution, exogenous compositions, and isolated vectors to kidney cells, using the renal vein as a guide and under hydrodynamic pressure. The delivery methods and materials herein are useful to research, prognose, ameliorate symptoms of kidney injury, and treat kidney pathologies.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and materials useful delivering liquids, including liquids comprising nucleic acid molecules into cells. In particular, the present invention provides methods for delivering saline solution, exogenous compositions, and isolated vectors to kidney cells, using the renal vein as a guide and under hydrodynamic pressure. The delivery methods and materials herein are useful to research, prognose, ameliorate symptoms of kidney injury, and treat kidney pathologies.

Abstract: An interface circuit configured to connect between (a) a broadcast receiver tuner and associated circuitry for the receiving and processing of broadcast radio frequency signals, and (b) a general purpose computer device programmed with software demodulation code configured to engage a general purpose processor in signal demodulation functions, the interface circuit comprising: a data interface comprising a packetisation buffer connected to receive (i) digital signal sample data from a signal path of the tuner and associated circuitry and (ii) indications of control settings which are applied to one or more configurable components during taking of the sample data, said packetisation buffer being operable to construct packets comprising blocks of sample data and header information carrying said control settings indications; a control interface configured to receive control instructions from tuner control code running on the general purpose computer device; and a microcontroller operable to receive the control i

Abstract: An interface circuit configured to connect between (a) a broadcast receiver tuner and associated circuitry for the receiving and processing of broadcast radio frequency signals, and (b) a general purpose computer device programmed with software demodulation code configured to engage a general purpose processor in signal demodulation functions, the interface circuit comprising: a data interface comprising a packetisation buffer connected to receive (i) digital signal sample data from a signal path of the tuner and associated circuitry and (ii) indications of control settings which are applied to one or more configurable components during taking of the sample data, said packetisation buffer being operable to construct packets comprising blocks of sample data and header information carrying said control settings indications; a control interface configured to receive control instructions from tuner control code running on the general purpose computer device; and a microcontroller operable to receive the control i

Abstract: A broadcast receiver system comprising: a tuner circuit operable to detect a plurality of modulated radio frequency signals, including TV broadcast signals, and comprising at least one signal path each comprising an analogue mixer and analogue filter circuitry arranged respectively to frequency convert and pre-select received analogue signals; further circuitry comprising an analogue to digital converter and digital filter circuitry; a data interface to a software demodulation module operable to engage a general purpose processor of a computer in data demodulation and decoding functions; a control, interface; and a microcontroller arranged to receive control information from said computer via the control interface.

Abstract: A bridge circuit configured for connection between a tuner circuit capable of receiving broadcast analogue frequencies and a general purpose processor capable of demodulating the received broadcast signal, the circuit comprising: a tuner interface capable of receiving at least one signal component in analogue form from tuner circuitry; an analogue to digital converter connected to receive the analogue signal from the tuner interface and convert it to a digital signal for filtering; a digital filter connected to receive and filter the digital signal; an external digital interface; and a microcontroller arranged to receive control information via said external digital interface, wherein one or more or the analogue to digital converter and the digital filter is provided with a controllably variable clock input.

Abstract: A homodyne receiver is provided for receiving GSM and UMTS transmissions. The receiver may also be used for other transmission schemes. The receiver includes an electronically reconfigurable low pass filter and an off set generator for providing DC offset correction for offsets which may be generated as a result of coupling between a local radio frequency oscillator and the receiver front end.

Abstract: A dual mode transmitter for GSM and UMTS operation is provided. The GSM and UMTS paths share an oscillator and an intermediate frequency stage. Also, with the exception of the final stage of power amplification, the transmitter is provided as an integrated device.

Abstract: A radio transceiver suitable for use in a mobile telephone is provided. The transceiver is operable in dual modes so as to be able to operate with both GSM and UMTS systems. In a preferred embodiment the transmitter section receives base band signals and up-converts them to an intermediate frequency of approximately 450 MHz. This is then mixed with local oscillator frequency of approximately 1.35 GHz, such that a difference frequency allows operation in the GSM 850/950 MHz band, and the sum frequency allows operation in the GSM 1800/1900 MHz bands. The frequency addition allows operation in the UMTS band. The receiver portion of the transceiver comprises a direct conversion receiver for down-converting the received signal without use of an intermediate frequency.

Abstract: A method of determining the position of a target comprising the steps of: providing a transmitter or a plurality of transmitters to transmit a signal to the target, providing a receiver or a plurality of receivers to receive signals reflected from said target. Determining the time of arrival information of said reflected signal at the or each receiver; using information pertaining to the position of the or each receiver and/or the or each transmitter and with the information obtained determining the target position. Preferably the signal includes a modulated or coded portion unique to the transmitter; and said signal portion is associated with the or each particular transmitter by virtue of said signal portion. The signal maybe a mobile phone transmission, DAB, digital TV, digital Radio or digital satellite transmissions.

Abstract: A transceiver circuit is disclosed for use in radio frequency communication systems. The circuit includes a transmitter circuit, a receiver circuit and a local oscillator circuit. The local oscillator circuit includes at least one oscillator input signal having a frequency that is a non-integer multiple of the transmission frequency of the radio frequency communication system. The oscillator input signal is used to produce a transmitter local oscillator signal and a receiver local oscillator signal.

Abstract: A direct conversion circuit for radio frequency signals is disclosed. The circuit includes a pair of quadrature related mixers, a phase shift unit, and a local oscillator. The pair of quadrature related mixers is coupled to a radio frequency signal input port for mixing down a radio frequency input signal. The phase shift unit is in communication with at least one of the pair of mixers for phase shifting a local oscillator signal. The local oscillator produces the local oscillator signal. The local oscillator includes a non-integer frequency multiplier for multiplying the frequency of a first voltage controlled oscillator signal by a non-integer value to produce the local oscillator signal.

Abstract: Phase-locked loop methods and structures are provided for generating modulated communication signals with nonconstant envelopes. These methods and structures realize the improved communication performance of nonconstant-envelope modulations with the upconversion advantages of phase-locked loops. The structures include transmitters in which a phase-locked loop is augmented with first and second feedforward paths that substantially restore phase and amplitude information to a transmit signal that is generated by a voltage-controlled oscillator of the phase-locked loop. The first feedforward path is configured to realize a path transfer function of s/Kv wherein the voltage-controlled oscillator has a transfer function of Kv/s. The second feedforward path extracts an envelope-correction signal from the modulated intermediate-frequency signal and a variable-gain output amplifier amplifies the transmit signal with a gain that responds to the envelope-correction signal.

Abstract: A direct current offset correction system is disclosed for use in an analog signal processing system. The offset correction system includes a comparator unit for comparing the polarity of signals from an analog signal channel and producing a binary output signal. The system also includes a digital accumulator unit that is coupled to the comparator output signal for providing an accumulated average signal over a predetermined period of time. The system also includes a threshold corrective signal unit for determining whether the accumulated signal is within a defined threshold window of acceptable values. The system further includes a correction unit for applying a corrective signal to the analog signal channel.

Abstract: In a UMTS homodyne (direct conversion) receiver the local oscillator may break through as an “on channel” signal. In order to remove this the receiver includes controllable DC offset generators and variable gain amplifiers. These are in series with a high pass filter. Adjustments in the gain or offset can give rise to transients within the filter which effectively blind the receiver until such time as the transients have decayed within the filter. This blind time can be reduced by increasing the bandwidth of the filter during such a transient.

Abstract: A homodyne receiver is provided for receiving GSM and UMTS transmissions. The receiver may also be used for other transmission schemes. The receiver includes an electronically reconfigurable low pass filter and an off set generator for providing DC offset correction for offsets which may be generated as a result of coupling between a local radio frequency oscillator and the receiver front end.

Abstract: An automatic gain control is provided for a multi-mode receiver. The gain control includes feed forward controller 402 which sets up an initial gain rapidly based on a measurement of signal strength or upon mode information, and a feedback controller 450 which then takes responsibility for maintaining a signal at a desired amplitude.

Abstract: A dual mode transmitter for GSM and UMTS operation is provided. The GSM and UMTS paths share an oscillator and an intermediate frequency stage. Also, with the exceptio of the final stage of power amplification, the transmitter is provided as an integrated device.

Abstract: A dual mode transceiver is provided in which a frequency synthesizer is shared by the transmit and receive channels.