Abstract: The invention relates to enabling differential forwarding in address-based carrier networks such as Ethernet networks. There is described a method of and connection controller for establishing connections (76, 77) in a frame-based communications network comprising nodes (71-75 and 78) such as Ethernet switches. The connections are established by configuring, in various of the nodes, mappings for forwarding data frames, such as Ethernet frames. The mappings are from a combination of a) a destination (or source) address corresponding to a destination (or source) node (73) of the connection and b) an identifier, such as a VLAN tag. The mappings are to selected output ports of the various nodes. By using the combination of destination (or source) address AND identifier, the mappings enable data frames belonging to different connections (76, 77) to be forwarded differentially (ie forwarded on different output ports) at a node (75) despite the different connections having the same destination node.

Abstract: A packet scheduler controls dispatch of packets containing constant bit rate (CBR) or real time variable bit rate (rt-VBR) at an ingress operation of multiplexing the packets into payloads of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) bearer virtual circuit connection. Packets can be queued in one of a number of queues according to priority. The scheduler controls assembly of common part sublayer payload data units (CPS-PDU) comprising any unused octets from a previous packet partially dispatched, and whole packets in order of priority. If a holdover timer period expires before a common part sublayer payload data unit is completed, the payload of that data unit is packed with null data; and dispatched. The packet dispatch is controlled so as to match the traffic characteristics of an underlying bearer channel.

Abstract: The invention makes use of the Short Message Service (SMS) or Unstructured Supplementary Services Data (USSD) capabilities present in today's cellular networks as a means of providing call control and presence signalling and, in particular, for providing the means of effecting hand-off at least from/to the cellular domain to/from the WiFi domain. SMS and USSD were originally designed as engineering channels, but SMS has become highly popular as a service in its own right. SMS and USSD are built into all existing cellular (GSM, CDMA etc.) network and predate the current GPRS overlay. In particular, SMS and USSD can be used while a call may be active in the cellular domain, and a handset may send and receive such messages, with an additional facility which may be used by the invention of receiving acknowledgements of successful receipt of an outgoing SMS by the messaged party—effectively a confirmation from the network.

Abstract: A telecommunications system comprises an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network having uncommitted bandwidth, and a plurality of adaptive grooming routers (AGR) coupled to the network. The AGRs comprise a group adapted to function as a virtual transit exchange whose fabric and control are distributed over the group. The visual comprising the AGRs incorporates independent connection control and call routing functions and has means for determining the current system status whereby to set up narrow band connections across the ATM network based on that status determination.

Abstract: A telecommunications system comprises an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network having uncommitted bandwidth, and a plurality of adaptive grooming routers (AGR) coupled to the network. The AGRs comprise a group adapted to function as a virtual transit exchange whose fabric and control are distributed over the group. The visual comprising the AGRs incorporates independent connection control and call routing functions and has means for determining the current system status whereby to set up narrow band connections across the ATM network based on that status determination.

Abstract: A telecommunications system comprises an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network having uncommitted bandwidth, and a plurality of adaptive grooming routers (AGR) coupled to the network. The AGRs comprise a group adapted to function as a virtual transit exchange whose fabric and control are distributed over the group. The visual comprising the AGRs incorporates independent connection control and call routing functions and has means for determining the current system status whereby to set up narrow band connections across the ATM network based on that status determination.

Abstract: An intravascular platform for supporting an intravascular device includes two loops of wire each configured to assume a shape lying generally on a virtual cylinder of given diameter. The two loops are interconnected by at least one connecting wire which maintains the loops axially spaced from each other. Also disclosed are axially-extended loop forms, and associated intravascular devices.

Abstract: An intravascular platform for supporting an intravascular device includes two loops of wire each configured to assume a shape lying generally on a virtual cylinder of given diameter. The two loops are interconnected by at least one connecting wire which maintains the loops axially spaced from each other. Also disclosed are axially-extended loop forms, and associated intravascular devices.

Abstract: An intravascular filter includes at least one elongated support member configured to assume a retention configuration, such as a generally helical form about a central axis, and at least one flexible elongated filter member supported by the support member. The filter member is configured to assume a predefined filter form in such a manner as to form an obstacle to passage through the vessel, in a direction parallel to central axis, of particles having dimensions greater than the predefined value. The support member and the filter member are preferably prepared in a generally straight configuration to facilitate minimally invasive deployment.

Abstract: A communications packet network is planned by the use of a planning tool. The tool comprises an input for inputting requirements of the network; and an input for determining factors which effect the passage of packet based data through the network. A modelling module determines the performance of the network based on the requirements and factors. The performance of model is compared with that of an objective comparison model. A feedback mechanism iteratively adjusts the input factors to improve the performance and maintain the network requirements. When the desired performance level is achieved, a plan of the network is output from the planning tool.

Abstract: A common part sublayer (CPS) ATM adaptation device provides an interface between a narrow band network and a broad band network. The adaptation device is functionally partitioned to provide scheduling, prioritization and multiplexing of ingress traffic to the broadband network independently of the adaptation layer (AAL) type of that traffic. The device incorporating ingress and egress paths respectively to and from the broadband network. The egress path provides segregation and delineation of incoming data units on to respective external data ports, and the ingress path incorporates a common memory for payload storage whereby to perform multiplexing at both AAL and ATM layers.

Abstract: In a communications network, a virtual channel connection is established between first and second nodes in a communications network using a negotiating procedure to determine a mutually acceptable path identifier. The first node sends a connection request to the second node incorporating a path identifier for a virtual channel to be used for the connection. The second node determines whether the path identifier is acceptable for establishing the connection, and if so returns an acceptance message. If the path identifier is not acceptable to the second node, this node returns a negotiation request message incorporating a new path identifier for an alternative virtual channel to be used for the connection.

Abstract: A packet scheduler controls dispatch of packets containing constant bit rate (CBR) or real time variable bit rate (rt-VBR) at an ingress operation of multiplexing the packets into payloads of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) bearer virtual circuit connection. Packets can be queued in one of a number of queues according to priority. The scheduler controls assembly of common part sublayer payload data units (CPS-PDU) comprising any unused octets from a previous packet partially dispatched, and whole packets in order of priority. If a holdover timer period expires before a common part sublayer payload data unit is completed, the payload of that data unit is packed with null data; and dispatched.

Abstract: A traffic scheduler controls despatch of assembled packets or cells at an adaptation interface of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network supporting a plurality of ATM traffic classes on two or more ATM adaptation layers. The scheduler comprising a distributed hierarchy of individual traffic schedulers one or more at each layer of the hierarchy each dedicated to its own traffic class. An aggregate traffic output at one layer in the hierarchy forms an input to the next layer. The lower level layers of the hierarchy are incorporated in a common part sublayer device and provide feedback to higher layers to control the flow of traffic during periods of congestion.

Abstract: An intravascular platform for supporting an intravascular device includes two loops of wire (100, 104) each configured to assume a shape lying generally on a virtual cylinder of given diameter. The two loops (100, 104) are interconnected by at least one connecting wire (102) which maintains the loops axially spaced from each other. Also disclosed are axially-extended loop forms, and associated intravascular devices.

Abstract: A memory architecture for multiple inputs comprises a common memory structure having a plurality of data locations for storing data units and an input section for providing a plurality of input ports with access to the common memory structure. The input section includes a memory buffer for each input port which can store a number of data units equal to the number of input ports, and a bus allowing each memory buffer to write a plurality of data units across the memory structure at least once during a memory-access cycle. The common memory structure includes a number of memory banks equal to the number of input ports. This structure enables the memory banks to be implemented as low speed devices. The memory architecture is suitable for use in ATM system components.

Abstract: A packet scheduler controls dispatch of packets containing constant bit rate (CBR) or real time variable bit rate (rt-VBR) at an ingress operation of multiplexing the packets into payloads of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) bearer virtual circuit connection. Packets can be queued in one of a number of queues according to priority. The scheduler controls assembly of common part sublayer payload data units (CPS-PDU) comprising any unused octets from a previous packet partially dispatched, and whole packets in order of priority. If a holdover timer period expires before a common part sublayer payload data unit is completed, the payload of that data unit is packed with null data; and dispatched. The packet dispatch is controlled so as to match the traffic characteristics of an underlying bearer channel.

Abstract: An intravascular filter includes at least one elongated support member configured to assume a retention configuration, such as a generally helical form about a central axis, and at least one flexible elongated filter member supported by the support member. The filter member is configured to assume a predefined filter form in such a manner as to form an obstacle to passage through the vessel, in a direction parallel to central axis, of particles having dimensions greater than the predefined value. The support member and the filter member are preferably prepared in a generally straight configuration to facilitate minimally invasive deployment.

Abstract: An interface arrangement provides interworking between packet (IP), time division multiplex (TDM) and asynchronous (ATM) networks, and incorporates a TDM framer providing an interface to the TDM network, a packet framer providing an interface to the packet network, and ATM adaptation function providing an interface to the ATM network. The ATM adaptation function comprises a set or suite of integrated circuit devices, the devices being partitioned by AAL functions into a first device set arranged to perform a common part sublayer function and a second device set arranged to perform service specific sublayer functions. The composition and nature of the device sets can be chosen to match the traffic types and quality of service requirements.

Abstract: An intravascular filter includes a first flexible elongated member configured to assume a generally helical form extending for at least about two turns about a central axis, and at least a second flexible elongated member connected to the first elongated member at at least two spaced apart connection positions chosen such that approximately equal lengths of the first and second flexible elongated members lie between the connection positions. The second elongated member is configured to assume a predefined filter form lying generally within the helical form in such a manner as to form an obstacle to passage through the substantially helical configuration, in a direction parallel to the central axis, of particles having dimensions greater than the predefined value. The first and second flexible elongated members are prepared in a generally straight configuration to facilitate minimally invasive deployment.