Abstract: As more power electronics apparatuses use fast switches, such as silicon carbide (SiC) or gallium nitride (GaN) switches. to improve the efficiency and reduce switching losses. significantly higher electromagnetic interferences (EMI) are generated as a result. While techniques of random pulse-width modulation (PWM) have been developed to reduce this increased EMI, the use of such techniques leads to an unbalance of the stored electric energy of the energy storing components used to balance the energy across some of the switches of these apparatuses. This issue can be solved with a novel pulse width modulation method for generating the switching signals with variable frequencies for a converter's high-frequency switches that better balance its energy balancing components. This novel method can utilize comparing a reference signal to a carrier signal that can be generated with various switching frequencies that are phase-shifted from the following set of switching frequency, by (2N?1)? radians.

Abstract: A three-level flying capacitor multi-level (3L-FCM) power converter is controlled by a switching signal generator having a reference signal for generating switching signals for driving a first pair S1, S1? and a second pair S2, S2? of switches. Circuitry generates, from the reference signal, a first modified reference signal defined as half of the sum of 1 and the reference signal. From the first modified reference signal a second modified reference signal is generated having a half-period phase shift from the first modified reference signal. A carrier signal having a constant frequency is generated and a first comparator and a second comparator compare the first and the second modified reference signals to the carrier signal to generate frequency signals for driving the first pair of switches S1, S1?, and the second pair of switches S2, S2?, respectively.

Abstract: A three-level flying capacitor multi-level (3L-FCM) power converter is controlled by a switching signal generator having a reference signal for generating switching signals for driving a first pair S1, S1? and a second pair S2, S2? of switches. Circuitry generates, from the reference signal, a first modified reference signal defined as half of the sum of 1 and the reference signal. From the first modified reference signal a second modified reference signal is generated having a half-period phase shift from the first modified reference signal. A carrier signal having a constant frequency is generated and a first comparator and a second comparator compare the first and the second modified reference signals to the carrier signal to generate frequency signals for driving the first pair of switches S1, S1?, and the second pair of switches S2, S2?, respectively.

Abstract: A converter with lower passive filter size and increased flying capacitor charging speed during the converter start-up uses a combination of a multi-level power converter circuit having a flying capacitor in which the first switching harmonic cluster is at twice the switching frequency and an integrated double-stage filter designed to allow the flying capacitor to be efficiently balanced and to allow noise from the harmonic clusters and from switches in the power converter circuit to be suppressed. This provides for a compact power conversion apparatus.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a cascode switching element comprising two or more electronic switching devices connected in series. The devices having an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal that operates between a closed N state and an open state. The cascode switching element also includes a voltage balancing circuit connected to the at least two electronic switching devices and operative to limit cause the two or more electronic switching devices to share a line voltage across the switching element when in an open state in a manner that a nominal maximum voltage across a first one of the switching devices is not exceeded when said line voltage exceeds said nominal maximum voltage with a remaining portion of said line voltage being present across a remainder of said at least two electronic switching devices.

Abstract: The CLOUD-AUTHENTICATED SITE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DEVICES, APPARATUSES, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (“CASRM”) transforms resource-use, weather, and user settings inputs into resource management schedule and control outputs. The CASRM achieves data transformation via using a building automation management device, comprising at least a processor a memory storing processor-executable instructions to receive, at a virtual cloud network controller, a data packet from a source building resource control device and to access a virtual routing table corresponding to a local virtual network associated with a control entity. The building automation management device may also determine a destination building resource control device based on the virtual routing table and at least one destination address in the data packet, and may send the data packet to the destination building resource control device.

Abstract: The CLOUD-AUTHENTICATED SITE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DEVICES, APPARATUSES, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (“CASRM”) transforms resource-use, weather, and user settings inputs into resource management schedule and control outputs. The CASRM achieves data transformation via using a building automation management device, comprising at least a processor a memory storing processor-executable instructions to receive, at a virtual cloud network controller, a data packet from a source building resource control device and to access a virtual routing table corresponding to a local virtual network associated with a control entity. The building automation management device may also determine a destination building resource control device based on the virtual routing table and at least one destination address in the data packet, and may send the data packet to the destination building resource control device.

Abstract: The CLOUD-AUTHENTICATED SITE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DEVICES, APPARATUSES, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (“CASRM”) transforms resource-use, weather, and user settings inputs into resource management schedule and control outputs. The CASRM achieves data transformation via using a building automation management device, comprising at least a processor a memory storing processor-executable instructions to receive, at a virtual cloud network controller, a data packet from a source building resource control device and to access a virtual routing table corresponding to a local virtual network associated with a control entity. The building automation management device may also determine a destination building resource control device based on the virtual routing table and at least one destination address in the data packet, and may send the data packet to the destination building resource control device.

Abstract: The embodiments describe programmable peripheral units for use in a building automation system. The program-mable peripheral units communicate with controllers and other system components. The programmable peripheral units have end device components to actuate the building environment.

Abstract: The CLOUD-AUTHENTICATED SITE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DEVICES, APPARATUSES, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (“CASRM”) transforms resource-use, weather, and user settings inputs into resource management schedule and control outputs. The CASRM achieves data transformation via using a building automation management device, comprising at least a processor a memory storing processor-executable instructions to receive, at a virtual cloud network controller, a data packet from a source building resource control device and to access a virtual routing table corresponding to a local virtual network associated with a control entity. The building automation management device may also determine a destination building resource control device based on the virtual routing table and at least one destination address in the data packet, and may send the data packet to the destination building resource control device.

Abstract: The CLOUD-AUTHENTICATED SITE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DEVICES, APPARATUSES, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (“CASRM”) transforms resource-use, weather, and user settings inputs into resource management schedule and control outputs. The CASRM achieves data transformation via using a building automation management device, comprising at least a processor a memory storing processor-executable instructions to receive, at a virtual cloud network controller, a data packet from a source building resource control device and to access a virtual routing table corresponding to a local virtual network associated with a control entity. The building automation management device may also determine a destination building resource control device based on the virtual routing table and at least one destination address in the data packet, and may send the data packet to the destination building resource control device.

Abstract: The embodiments describe programmable peripheral units for use in a building automation system. The program-mable peripheral units communicate with controllers and other system components. The programmable peripheral units have end device components to actuate the building environment.

Abstract: The CLOUD-AUTHENTICATED SITE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DEVICES, APPARATUSES, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (“CASRM”) transforms resource-use, weather, and user settings inputs into resource management schedule and control outputs. The CASRM achieves data transformation via using a building automation management device, comprising at least a processor a memory storing processor-executable instructions to receive, at a virtual cloud network controller, a data packet from a source building resource control device and to access a virtual routing table corresponding to a local virtual network associated with a control entity. The building automation management device may also determine a destination building resource control device based on the virtual routing table and at least one destination address in the data packet, and may send the data packet to the destination building resource control device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a digital control manager comprising a first transceiver configured to provide one or more wireless communication links to one or more energy autonomous end devices; a second transceiver configured to provide one or more wireless communication links to one or more digital control managers and one or more end devices; a local database; an intellectualize function module configured to execute a computer program to provide intelligence to the digital control manager and to end devices in communication therewith.

Abstract: An auto-configuring multi-layer network including different communication protocols, namely both wired and wireless protocols, interchangeably and indifferently to interconnect various devices such as, for example, controllers, actuators, alarms, sensors, interfaces, etc. The auto-configuring multi-layer network uses a virtualization functionality that mirrors devices from one layer having a given communication protocol unto another layer having a different communication protocol.

Abstract: The embodiments describe programmable peripheral units for use in a building automation system. The programmable peripheral units communicate with controllers and other system components. The programmable peripheral units have end device components to actuate the building environment.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a digital control manager comprising a first transceiver configured to provide one or more wireless communication links to one or more energy autonomous end devices; a second transceiver configured to provide one or more wireless communication links to one or more digital control managers and one or more end devices; a local database; an intellectualize function module configured to execute a computer program to provide intelligence to the digital control manager and to end devices in communication therewith.

Abstract: A filter cassette and a method for allowing a leak to be detected are disclosed, in which the filter cassette comprises a main body defining a first chamber. The main body includes an inlet and an outlet, a filter separating the first chamber into first and second sub-chambers, the inlet being in fluid communication with the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber being in fluid communication with the outlet. The main body also includes a second chamber is defined by the main body and the filter, wherein in absence of a leak the second chamber is substantially not in fluid communication with the first chamber. The main body further includes a port in fluid communication with the second chamber, whereby measuring a fluid characteristic in the second chamber by means of the port allows a detection of a leak, i.e. an external leak or a bypass leakage.

Abstract: An auto-configuring multi-layer network including different communication protocols, namely both wired and wireless protocols, interchangeably and indifferently to interconnect various devices such as, for example, controllers, actuators, alarms, sensors, interfaces, etc. The auto-configuring multi-layer network uses a virtualization functionality that mirrors devices from one layer having a given communication protocol unto another layer having a different communication protocol.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a digital control manager comprising a first transceiver configured to provide one or more wireless communication links to one or more energy autonomous end devices; a second transceiver configured to provide one or more wireless communication links to one or more digital control managers and one or more end devices; a local database; an intellectualize function module configured to execute a computer program to provide intelligence to the digital control manager and to end devices in communication therewith.