Abstract: A receiver authenticates a wideband (WB) signal from global navigation satellites (GNSS) using a narrowband (NB) signal that is also transmitted from the satellites. The NB signal includes segments that are transmitted in time and frequency slots of successive transmission frames. The NB signal is less susceptible to a smart WB jammer. Also, the NB signal segments may also be transmitted at a relative power level with respect to the WB signal, where the relative power level may vary in a known pattern so as to distinguish the WB signal of the satellite from a stronger WB signal from a smart jammer.

Abstract: A receiver authenticates a wideband (WB) signal from global navigation satellites (GNSS) using a narrowband (NB) signal that is also transmitted from the satellites. The NB signal includes segments that are transmitted in time and frequency slots of successive transmission frames. The NB signal is less susceptible to a smart WB jammer. Also, the NB signal segments may also be transmitted at a relative power level with respect to the WB signal, where the relative power level may vary in a known pattern so as to distinguish the WB signal of the satellite from a stronger WB signal from a smart jammer.

Abstract: A metallic feature on a substrate is subjected to a plasma dicing process and is cleaned. The workpiece has a carrier sheet attached to a frame member. The carrier sheet carries the substrate. The workpiece is provided on a workpiece support disposed within a chamber of an inductively coupled plasma apparatus. A sputter etch step is performed, including introducing a sputter gas or gas mixture into the chamber and sustaining an inductively coupled plasma of the sputter gas or gas mixture so as to sputter etch the substrate. A chemical etch step also is performed, including introducing O2 gas and/or O3 gas) into the chamber and sustaining an inductively coupled plasma of the O2 and/or O3 gas) so as to chemically etch the substrate. The sputter etch step and chemical etch step can be repeated.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments to determine network transit time for a packet. A request packet for determining a network transit time is received. A reply packet is transmitted to the requester in response to the request packet. A reply packet is transmitted to the requester. The reply packet includes information about a packet processing time. This packet processing time includes a time between the receiving of the request packet and the transmitting of the reply packet.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments to determine network transit time for a packet. A request packet for determining a network transit time is received. A reply packet is transmitted to the requester in response to the request packet. A reply packet is transmitted to the requester. The reply packet includes information about a packet processing time. This packet processing time includes a time between the receiving of the request packet and the transmitting of the reply packet.

Abstract: A handle for a window operator. The handle includes a handle member 10 pivotally coupled to a base 11. A locking mechanism releasably locks the handle member 10 in a position relative to the base 11 which corresponds to an in-use position of the handle member. The locking mechanism includes a locking member 14 within the handle member 10. The locking member 14 performs a blocking action to prevent pivotal movement of the handle member relative to the base. The locking member has a push button 15 accessible to an exterior surface of the handle member whereby the locking member can be moved to remove the blocking action and allow the handle to be pivoted to a non-use position.

Abstract: A handle for a window operator. The handle includes a handle member 10 pivotally coupled to a base 11. A locking mechanism releasably locks the handle member 10 in a position relative to the base 11 which corresponds to an in-use position of the handle member. The locking mechanism includes a locking member 14 within the handle member 10. The locking member 14 performs a blocking action to prevent pivotal movement of the handle member relative to the base. The locking member has a push button 15 accessible to an exterior surface of the handle member whereby the locking member can be moved to remove the blocking action and allow the handle to be pivoted to a non-use position.

Abstract: A window operator for the opening and closing of a hinged window. The window operator has a rotatable lead screw 16 on which moves a slider 19. A driving element 18 is threaded on to the lead screw 16 and is coupled to the slider 19. A lost motion mechanism is operable upon the sliding movement of the slider being inhibited at final closing or initial opening of the window. The lost motion mechanism includes a tab 42 engaged in a helical slot 43. Movement of the tab in the helical slot causes an angular displacement of the driving element 18. A retention member 47 is moveable in response to the angular displacement and retains the slider 19 against movement while the driving element 18 continues to move along the lead screw. The tab 42 is thus moveable along slot 49 to operate a multipoint locking mechanism L.