Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to a valve seat (20) for a poppet valve of an internal combustion engine, wherein the poppet valve comprises a head and a stem behind the head, the valve seat comprising: an aperture (21) configured to form a seal with the head of the poppet valve when the poppet valve is in a closed position; and a peripheral body (22) defining, at least in part, one or more ports (23) shaped like e.g. grooves and sized to enable injection of liquid or gas from a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine into a gas stream behind the head of the poppet valve.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to a valve seat (20) for a poppet valve of an internal combustion engine, wherein the poppet valve comprises a head and a stem behind the head, the valve seat comprising: an aperture (21) configured to form a seal with the head of the poppet valve when the poppet valve is in a closed position; and a peripheral body (22) defining, at least in part, one or more ports (23) shaped like e.g. grooves and sized to enable injection of liquid or gas from a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine into a gas stream behind the head of the poppet valve.

Abstract: Broadcast server and method for transmitting electronic program guide data to set top boxes via a broadcast network. The broadcast server is arranged to prepare a list of unique entries and associated identifications of the text items received, and to provide a compressed list to the plurality of set top boxes. The broadcast server repeats the following steps for each text item in the list: determining whether a next text item has a number of shared consecutive characters at the start in common with a compressed text item from the compressed list, identifying said compressed text item as a source of shared consecutive characters and determining the number of shared consecutive characters; storing for the next text item an identification, a reference to the source of shared consecutive characters, the number of shared consecutive characters, and the remaining non-shared text in the compressed list.

Abstract: A confined space exercise device (2) having at least two chambers (4, 6) in fluid communication with each other, means (10) for introducing fluid into at least one of the chambers (and variable resistance means to hinder the flow of fluid from one chamber to the other whereby application of pressure to one chamber is required to cause movement of fluid from that chamber to the other.